https://www.promartialartsfirstaid.co.uk/training/instructors/video/course-summary- https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/4803.mp4 Course Summary Completing Your Course and Taking the Test with ProTrainings Congratulations on completing your course! Before taking the test, review the student resources section and refresh your skills. Student Resources Section Free student manual: Download your manual and other resources. Additional links: Find helpful websites to support your training. Eight-month access: Revisit the course and view any new videos added. Preparing for the Course Test Before starting the test, you can: Review the videos Read through documents and links in the student resources section Course Test Guidelines No time limit: Take the test at your own pace, but complete it in one sitting. Question format: Choose from four answers or true/false questions. Adaptive testing: Unique questions for each student, with required section passes. Retake option: Review materials and retake the test if needed. After Passing the Test Once you pass the test, you can: Print your completion certificate Print your Certified CPD statement Print the evidence-based learning statement Additional ProTrainings Courses ProTrainings offers: Over 350 courses at regional training centres or your workplace Remote virtual courses with live instructors Over 300 video online and blended courses Contact us at 01206 805359 or email support@protrainings.uk for assistance or group training solutions. Thank you for choosing ProTrainings and good luck with your test! https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/8553/Course_Summary-01.jpg Yes 127 https://www.promartialartsfirstaid.co.uk/training/instructors/video/general-fitness https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/744.mp4 General Fitness Preventive Measures in Martial Arts Training Importance of Preventive Care Enhance performance and reduce injury risks with these essential practices: Warm-Up Exercises: Perform appropriate warm-up routines to prevent muscular, tendon, or ligament injuries. Cardiovascular Readiness: Increase cardiovascular fitness to perform martial arts at peak levels. Guidance from Instructors: Seek guidance from instructors on suitable warm-up exercises tailored to your martial arts discipline. Nutrition for Martial Arts Optimize performance with proper nutrition: Balanced Diet: Ensure a balanced diet suitable for varying exercise intensities. Expert Advice: Consult martial arts associations and medical resources for nutritional guidance. Hydration Tips Maintain hydration levels for optimal performance: Importance of Hydration: Stay adequately hydrated to avoid fatigue and performance decline. Specialized Hydration: Consider hydration powders or supplements for specific sports and intense training sessions. In summary, prioritise a proper warm-up and cool-down routine, maintain a balanced diet, hydrate effectively, and seek expert advice when needed to enhance your martial arts training. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/1297/General_Fitness-01.jpg Yes 143 https://www.promartialartsfirstaid.co.uk/training/instructors/video/waiting-for-the-ems-to-arrive https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/1556.mp4 Waiting for the E.M.S to arrive What to Do While Waiting for EMS Emergency Preparedness Primary Concern: Patient's well-being should be your top priority while waiting for EMS. Bystander Assistance: Consider involving nearby bystanders who may be able to provide help. Effective Communication Phone Information: Provide detailed information over the phone to EMS, helping them anticipate the situation. Accessibility: Identify any obstacles like obstructive cars or movable items and address them safely. Bystander Support Assistance Seekers: Ask bystanders to assist by locating and guiding the ambulance to your location. Home Safety: Ensure pets are secured and illuminate your home during nighttime emergencies for better visibility. Patient's Medical Details Medications and Conditions: Inquire about the patient's medications and medical conditions to relay to EMS. Doctor's Information: Collect the patient's doctor's details and check if they are currently under hospital care. Workplace Awareness Alert Reception: Inform reception and relevant personnel at the workplace about the accident and EMS arrival. Preventing Delays: Avoid delays in EMS arrival by ensuring everyone is aware of the situation. Stay Connected Mobile Availability: Keep your mobile phone with you to ensure EMS can reach you at any time. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/2731/Waiting_for_the_E.M.S_to_arrive-01.jpg Yes 231 https://www.promartialartsfirstaid.co.uk/training/instructors/video/martial-arts-first-aid https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/1985.mp4 Course overview to martial arts first aid Course Overview Training Categories Discover the structured categories and topics covered in this online first aid training. Course Structure: The course is categorised into several sections, each containing multiple instructional videos. Pause and Review: You have the flexibility to pause and re-watch any video throughout the course. Regular Updates: We continuously update the course content, providing replacements and new videos as they become available. Support Options: Contact us via phone, email, or our online chat for any questions during your course. Course Content Overview Get an outline of the topics covered in each section of the course: Section 1: Seeing and Incident Management, Fears and Barriers to First Aid, General Fitness, Activating the EMS Section 2: Recovery Position, Heart Attack, Basic CPR, Choking Treatment Section 3: Effective CPR, Improving Compressions and Breaths Section 4: Eye Injuries, External Bleeding, Head Injuries, Strains and Sprains Section 5: Spinal and Dental Injuries, Post-Incident Reporting Start your training today and gain essential knowledge in first aid. Contact us if you have any queries or need assistance! https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/3965/Course_Overview-01.jpg Yes 74 https://www.promartialartsfirstaid.co.uk/training/instructors/video/recovery-position-and-care-of-the-patient https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/668.mp4 Recovery Position and Care of the Patient First Aid for Unconscious Individuals Initial Assessment and Approach Follow these steps when encountering an unconscious person: Ensure Safety: Assess the scene for any immediate dangers before approaching. Introduction: Introduce yourself calmly to the patient to assess responsiveness. Assessment Process: Use the approach of "stop, think, act" to determine the next steps. Checking for Breathing Verify if the patient is breathing: Open the Airway: Gently tilt the head back to clear any airway obstructions like the tongue. Listen and Observe: Place your ear near the patient's nose and mouth to listen for breathing sounds for up to 10 seconds. Identify Normal Breathing: Ensure the breathing is regular and not gasping, which could indicate agonal breathing. Placing in the Recovery Position Move the unconscious person into a safe position: Positioning: Lay the person on their side with their head supported and airway clear. Step-by-Step: Follow these steps to place them correctly: Prop one leg up to stabilize. Support the head with one hand while pulling the knee towards you with the other. Ensure the airway remains open and secure the position with their hand tucked under their cheek. Monitoring: Stay with the person, monitor their breathing, and keep them warm until help arrives. By following these steps, you can effectively manage an unconscious individual while awaiting medical assistance. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/1299/Recovery_Position_and_Care_of_the_Patient-01.jpg Yes 354 https://www.promartialartsfirstaid.co.uk/training/instructors/video/differences-in-child-size-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/167.mp4 Differences in Child Size https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/287/Differences_in_Child_Size-01.jpg Yes 110 https://www.promartialartsfirstaid.co.uk/training/instructors/video/aed-setup-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/250.mp4 AED Setup Efficient Setup of Automatic External Defibrillators (AED) Introduction to AED Setup AED units are user-friendly and share common setup procedures. This guide will walk you through the essential steps to ensure your AED is ready for use. Initial Inspection Ensure the AED kit is complete with all necessary components. Check that the battery is correctly installed and functioning. Look for any warning indicators or malfunctioning lights. Pad Inspection and Connection Examine the pads for any damage or broken seals. Connect the pads to the unit, unless designed to be connected later. Ensure the pads are within their expiry date. AED Unit Maintenance Keep the AED in a clean, dry, and easily accessible location. Regularly check for any signs of wear or damage. Troubleshooting and Assistance If you encounter any issues with your AED unit, refer to the manufacturer's instructions or visit their website for specific guidance. Regular AED Checks Conduct routine checks as per your workplace's risk assessment, policies, practices, and manufacturer's recommendations to ensure the AED is always ready for use. Conclusion Setting up and maintaining an AED unit is a straightforward process, but it's crucial for ensuring prompt and effective response in emergency situations. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/447/AED_Setup-01.jpg Yes 387 https://www.promartialartsfirstaid.co.uk/training/instructors/video/aed-intro-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/107.mp4 AED Introduction Understanding Automatic External Defibrillators (AEDs) 1. What is an AED? An AED, or automatic external defibrillator, explained. There is a common misconception that AEDs restart the heart, but their role is to interrupt abnormal heart activity. 2. AEDs and Heart Function Understanding how AEDs work to restore a normal heart rhythm. Electric activity in the heart can lead to abnormal twitching rather than a meaningful pulse. An AED delivers a shock to interrupt this electric activity, allowing the heart's natural pacemakers to restart it in a normal rhythm. AEDs advise a shock only when detecting specific shockable rhythms, such as ventricular fibrillation (VF) or pulseless ventricular tachycardia (VT). 3. Types of AED Units Exploring different AED models and their operation. Semi-automatic AEDs require manual activation of the shock button when advised. Automatic AEDs initiate shocks automatically when necessary. 4. Future AED Videos Stay tuned for upcoming videos that delve into AEDs in greater detail and provide guidance on their usage. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/167/AED_Introduction-01.jpg Yes 106 https://www.promartialartsfirstaid.co.uk/training/instructors/video/heart-attack-care https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/667.mp4 Heart Attack Care Heart Attack Care Understanding Heart Attacks Definition: A heart attack occurs when there is a partial or complete blockage of blood flow to the heart. Cause: Reasons include heart deformities, issues with electrical pacemakers, or blockages due to cholesterol. Symptoms: Varies based on blockage location, often causing severe pain and potential heart function impairment. Immediate Care Steps Prompt Action: Time is critical; immediate care can prevent worsening or progression to cardiac arrest. Positioning: Guide the person into the W position, seated with legs raised, leaning against support to ease strain on the heart. Avoid: Do not lay them flat with elevated legs as this increases blood flow around the heart, worsening the condition. Administering Aspirin Aspirin Use: Helps to thin blood and potentially alleviate blockage; give one 300-milligram tablet if available. Administration: Instruct them to chew the tablet for quicker absorption rather than swallowing whole. Consultation: Always verify with emergency services if aspirin is suitable based on the individual's medical history. Communication: Use hands-free mode to talk to emergency services while attending to the patient. For comprehensive training on managing heart attacks and other medical emergencies, contact us today. Thank you for choosing ProTrainings. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/1301/Heart_Attack_Care-01.jpg Yes 248 https://www.promartialartsfirstaid.co.uk/training/instructors/video/when-to-call-for-assistance https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/1946.mp4 When to call for assistance Calling for Help and Starting CPR: What to Do First As soon as you realise a casualty is unresponsive, call the emergency services immediately and ask for an ambulance. Use your mobile phone on speakerphone so you can begin CPR while speaking to the call handler. If someone is with you, ask them to make the call while you start CPR straight away. Why Calling Emergency Services Early Matters When someone collapses or appears unconscious, help must be requested as quickly as possible. The emergency medical services (EMS) dispatcher can rapidly assess the situation and determine the most appropriate response. Waiting to decide what to do wastes valuable time. The sooner EMS are activated, the greater the chance of survival. CPR alone is not enough if professional help is not on the way. An AED and advanced care are essential. For every minute an AED is delayed, the chance of survival falls by around 10%. Early CPR combined with rapid EMS activation significantly improves outcomes. What to Do If More Than One Rescuer Is Present If there is more than one rescuer available: One rescuer should start CPR immediately The other should call emergency services and look for an AED This teamwork minimises delays and maximises the chance of successful resuscitation. What to Do If You Are Alone If you are alone with the casualty: Call emergency services on speakerphone Do not leave the casualty to look for an AED Start CPR immediately The EMS will bring an AED. By starting CPR early, you increase the likelihood that defibrillation will be successful when it arrives. Leaving the casualty to search for an AED reduces blood flow to the brain and lowers their chance of survival. Minimising Interruptions to CPR Keeping chest compressions going is critical. If the casualty is an infant or small child, it may be possible to carry them with you while summoning help, reducing interruptions to CPR. Once you have called EMS, the dispatcher can: Guide you through full CPR, or Support you with chest-compression-only CPR Using speakerphone allows you to receive clear, step-by-step instructions while continuing life-saving care. Key Points to Remember Call emergency services as soon as the casualty is unresponsive Use speakerphone so you can start CPR immediately Do not delay CPR to look for an AED if you are alone Early CPR and early EMS activation save lives Act fast, keep compressions going, and get help on the way. These actions give the casualty the best possible chance of survival. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/3505/When_to_call_for_Assistance.jpg Yes 112 https://www.promartialartsfirstaid.co.uk/training/instructors/video/dental-injuries https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/909.mp4 Dental Injuries Dental Injury First Aid: Protecting and Treating Tooth Damage Seeing a Dentist for Dental Injuries Understanding when to seek dental care and how to provide initial aid for common dental injuries. Chipped or Broken Tooth Addressing a chipped or broken tooth before reaching the dentist: Protect the Mouth: Shield the injured area to prevent exposure to cold, especially when the injury has exposed a nerve. Consulting a Dentist: Schedule an appointment with a dentist for assessment and treatment. Knocked-Out Tooth Immediate steps to take when a tooth is knocked out: Locate the Tooth: If possible, find the dislodged tooth. Clean the Tooth: Rinse it with saline solution or milk to remove contaminants. Proper Reinsertion: Ensure the tooth is correctly oriented and firmly push it back into place. Stabilize with a Gum Shield: If available, use a gum shield to hold the tooth in position. Seek Dental or A & E Care: Visit a dentist for treatment, or if one isn't accessible, consider the Accident & Emergency department with oral surgery staff. Pain Management How to alleviate pain associated with dental injuries: Over-the-Counter Painkillers: Use pain relievers typically taken for headaches. Post-Injury Care Ensuring the patient is comfortable and prepared for dental treatment: Clean-Up: Address any bleeding, and be aware of potential lip injuries. Comforting Children: Keep young patients calm, as blood may be distressing to them. Remember Timely dental care is crucial for managing dental injuries effectively. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/1583/Dental_Injuries-01.jpg Yes 337 https://www.promartialartsfirstaid.co.uk/training/instructors/video/aed-pads https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/419.mp4 AED Pads Types of AED Pads and Their Application Overview of AED Pad Types Automatic External Defibrillator (AED) pads are essential components of AED units. Understanding the differences between cartridge and conventional pad types, including those with integrated batteries, is crucial for effective emergency response. Cartridge-Type AED Pads Cartridge-type AED pads come in two main varieties: those with integrated batteries (e.g., HeartSine) and those without (e.g., Philips HeartStart). Cartridges with batteries simplify maintenance by combining pad and battery replacement. Conventional Pad Types Conventional AED pads, often packaged in foil, require separate battery management. When using these, ensure they are correctly connected to the AED unit and regularly check for expiry dates and physical damage. Pad Application and Maintenance Adult Pads: Clearly marked for correct placement, these pads should be applied firmly to bare skin, avoiding excessive hair. Pediatric Pads: For children, use pediatric pads when available, placing them front and back. Adult pads may be used if pediatric ones are not available, ensuring they do not touch each other. Infant Pads: There are no specific pads for infants (under one year old). In such cases, follow the standard emergency procedure without AED intervention. Conclusion Proper knowledge and handling of different types of AED pads are vital for ensuring effective response in cardiac emergencies. Regular maintenance, correct application, and understanding the nuances between adult and pediatric pads can significantly impact the success of defibrillation attempts. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/785/AED_pads-01.jpg Yes 430 https://www.promartialartsfirstaid.co.uk/training/instructors/video/infant-cpr-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/169.mp4 Infant CPR Infant CPR: How to Resuscitate a Baby Under One Year Old In this section, we will look at how to perform CPR on an infant. An infant is defined as a child under one year old. Cardiac arrest in infants is very rare. However, when it does occur, it is almost always caused by a breathing problem, not a primary heart condition. Acting quickly and using the correct technique gives the infant the best possible chance of survival. Step 1: Ensure the Scene Is Safe Before doing anything else, check that the area is safe. Look for hazards that could put you or the infant at risk. If it is safe, approach the infant calmly. Step 2: Check for Responsiveness Speak gently to the infant: “Hello, can you hear me?” You are looking for any sign of response. To check responsiveness: Tap or gently flick the sole of the foot Look for movement, sound, or any reaction If there is no response, shout for help immediately. Step 3: Call for Help If someone is nearby, ask them to call 999, leave their phone with you on speakerphone, and bring an AED if one is available. If you are alone, call 999 yourself on speakerphone and continue your assessment. The emergency call handler will give step-by-step instructions and guide you through CPR if needed. Step 4: Check for Normal Breathing Place one hand on the forehead and two fingers under the bony part of the chin Gently tilt the head to a neutral position — do not overextend the neck Briefly look inside the mouth for any visible obstruction and remove it only if it can be seen and easily removed Keep the airway open and look, listen, and feel for normal breathing for up to 10 seconds You are checking for chest movement, breathing sounds, and air on your cheek. If the infant is not breathing normally or is only gasping, treat this as cardiac arrest. Step 5: Give Five Initial Rescue Breaths Because infant cardiac arrest is usually caused by breathing problems, rescue breaths are critical. Maintain a gentle head tilt and chin lift Place your mouth over the infant’s mouth and nose, forming a complete seal Blow gently for about one second, just enough to make the chest rise Allow the chest to fall before the next breath Give five rescue breaths in total. If the chest does not rise, recheck the airway position and seal before trying again. Step 6: Start Chest Compressions After the five rescue breaths, begin chest compressions: Place your two thumbs on the centre of the chest, just below the nipple line Wrap your hands around the infant’s chest, supporting the back with your fingers Compress the chest by one-third of its depth Maintain a rate of 100–120 compressions per minute (about two per second) Allow the chest to fully recoil between compressions Continue CPR using a ratio of 15 compressions to 2 rescue breaths. If another rescuer is available, swap every two minutes to prevent fatigue and maintain high-quality CPR. Step 7: Using an AED on an Infant As soon as an AED becomes available: Switch it on immediately and follow the voice prompts Use paediatric pads if available Place one pad on the front of the chest, slightly to the left Place the other pad on the back, between the shoulder blades Continue CPR while the AED is being applied, if possible If only adult pads are available, use them The AED will tell you when to stand clear and when to resume CPR. Resume chest compressions immediately after any shock and continue until the AED re-analyses or help arrives. Continue CPR Until The infant starts breathing normally or shows signs of life, such as movement or crying Emergency services arrive and take over You are physically unable to continue If the Infant Starts Breathing If the infant begins breathing normally: Place them in the infant recovery position on their side with the head slightly lower Or hold them in your arms in the same position Continue to monitor breathing closely until help arrives Key Points to Remember Always check for danger before approaching Call 999 early Give five gentle rescue breaths first Continue 15 compressions to 2 breaths at 100–120 per minute Use an AED as soon as possible and follow the prompts Keep checking for normal breathing and signs of life Early recognition, early CPR, and early defibrillation save lives. Acting quickly and calmly can make all the difference. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/291/Infant_CPR.jpg Yes 287 https://www.promartialartsfirstaid.co.uk/training/instructors/video/post-incident-reporting https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/658.mp4 Post Incident Reporting Accident Reporting in Martial Arts Understanding the Importance of Accident Reporting Accident reporting is a crucial aspect of ensuring safety and preventing incidents in martial arts settings. Accident Reporting Procedures Depending on whether you are a participant or an instructor in a martial arts gym or facility, follow these procedures: Identify the location of the accident book and understand the accident reporting policies. Record any accidents, illnesses, or near misses promptly in the accident book. Routinely review accident reports to identify trends and prevent future incidents. Implement risk assessments and emergency plans as part of accident prevention. Completing Accident Report Sheets When involved in an accident or incident: Complete an accident report sheet, ensuring all details are accurate and comprehensive. Multiple copies of the report may be required for different stakeholders. Follow specific guidelines set by the martial arts centre or gym for reporting procedures. Legal Considerations Accident reporting may have legal implications: Ensure all accidents are recorded in compliance with legal requirements. Understand the legal responsibilities of instructors, participants, and facility owners. Accident reporting plays a vital role in preventing future incidents and maintaining safety standards within martial arts environments. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/1339/Post_Incident_Reporting-01.jpg Yes 119 https://www.promartialartsfirstaid.co.uk/training/instructors/video/asthma-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/185.mp4 Asthma Asthma: Symptoms, Treatment, and First Aid Understanding Asthma Learn about the common yet often underestimated life-threatening condition. Asthma Basics: Explore the intermittent, reversible airway obstructions characterizing asthma. Airway Impact: Understand how asthma affects the airways and triggers. Severity Spectrum: Discover the varying levels of asthma, from mild to fatal. Asthma Statistics: Get insights into the prevalence and impact of asthma in the UK. Recognizing Asthma Attacks Identify the signs and symptoms of asthma attacks, from moderate to life-threatening. Moderate Attack: Understand symptoms like breathing difficulties, coughing, and anxiety. Severe Attack: Learn about the need for professional help, nebulisers, and steroids. Life-Threatening Signs: Recognize indicators like altered consciousness, cyanosis, and more. Immediate Action: Know the importance of calling EMS when severe symptoms arise. Managing Asthma Discover how asthma sufferers can effectively manage their condition and the role of medication. Asthma Medications: Learn about preventive and treatment inhalers. Inhaler Usage: Understand how to correctly use an inhaler. Support During an Attack: Provide reassurance and assistance during an asthma attack. First-Time Attack: Recognize when a first-time asthma attack requires immediate medical attention. First Aid Guidelines: Follow first aid steps suitable for both adults and children. Informing Parents and Recording Ensure proper communication and documentation when dealing with a child's asthma attack. Parental Notification: Inform parents if a child experiences an asthma attack under your care. Record Keeping: Document asthma cases in an accident book, especially in a work setting. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/321/Asthma-01.jpg Yes 346 https://www.promartialartsfirstaid.co.uk/training/instructors/video/fractures-dislocations https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/755.mp4 Fractures and Dislocations Understanding Fractures and Dislocations: First Aid and Treatment Types of Bone Injuries Fractures: These are cracks or breaks in bones. Closed Fractures: Bones are completely broken but do not puncture the skin. Compound Fractures: Bones puncture through the skin's surface. Complicated Fractures: Nerve damage may also occur. Dislocations: Occur when a joint is forcibly separated. Causes of Bone Injuries Bone fractures can result from various causes, such as falls, impacts, joint injuries, or crushing forces. The severity of a fracture may vary, and hospital assessment is often necessary for confirmation. Recognizing Bone Fractures Common Signs and Symptoms: Pain: Severe discomfort typically accompanies fractures. Deformity: Visible misalignment or abnormal shape of the affected area. Bruising and Swelling: Surrounding tissues may show signs of injury. Mobility Issues: Difficulty moving the injured limb or joint. The specific indicators depend on the location and type of fracture. Types of Fractures Categorizing Bone Fractures: Closed Fractures: Bones may have small cracks or be entirely broken without skin penetration. Stable Fractures: Bone ends remain in place and do not shift; common in areas like the shoulder, wrist, ankle, or hip. Unstable Fractures: Bone ends may shift, requiring careful immobilization to prevent further damage. Open Fractures: Bones protrude through the skin, often causing additional complications like severe bleeding. Treatment and First Aid Immediate Response: Immobilisation: Keep the limb or joint in its found position to minimize pain and damage. Seek Professional Help: Contact medical professionals promptly for appropriate diagnosis and treatment. Note: Open fractures may lead to excessive bleeding and emotional distress, requiring specialized care. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/1335/Fractures_and_Dislocations-01.jpg Yes 188 https://www.promartialartsfirstaid.co.uk/training/instructors/video/sprains-strains-and-rice-procedure https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/665.mp4 Sprains, Strains and RICE Procedure First Aid for Strains, Sprains, and Muscle Tears Understanding Common Injuries Strains, sprains, and muscle tears are common injuries resulting from falls or sudden movements. Strain A strain occurs when a muscle or tendon is overstretched or torn, causing bruising, swelling, and pain. Sprain A sprain involves the stretching or tearing of a ligament, often seen in joints like the ankle due to sudden twisting motions. Muscle Tear Muscle tears, such as hamstring injuries, involve the tearing of muscle fibres, leading to severe pain and swelling. First Aid Protocol: RICE Method The RICE method is effective for treating strains, sprains, and muscle tears: R - Rest Sit or lay the person in a comfortable position, supporting the injured limb. Keep the limb still to prevent further damage. I - Ice Apply an ice pack or cold compress wrapped in cloth to the injured area. Do not place ice directly on the skin to avoid burns; use a barrier like cloth or bandage. C - Comfortable Support Wrap the injured area with soft padding and secure it with a conforming or crepe bandage. Ensure the bandage is snug but not too tight; check circulation every 10 minutes. E - Elevate Elevate the injured limb above heart level on pillows or cushions to reduce swelling. Handling the Patient Consider the following when determining whether to move the patient: If the injury is to the wrist or arm, a horizontal sling may be used to assist in moving the patient. If the injury affects the leg or ankle, avoid moving the patient unless absolutely necessary. If movement is required, ensure to support the injured limb and avoid placing weight on it. Monitor the patient for signs of pain, faintness, or worsening symptoms. By following these guidelines, you can effectively provide immediate care for strains, sprains, and muscle tears until professional medical help arrives. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/1331/Sprains__Strains_and_RICE_Procedure-01.jpg Yes 216 https://www.promartialartsfirstaid.co.uk/training/instructors/video/fainting-martial-arts https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/753.mp4 Fainting Fainting in Martial Arts: Causes and First Aid Understanding Fainting Fainting, also known as syncope, is a common occurrence in martial arts due to a temporary lack of oxygen to the brain, resembling mild shock. During intense martial arts activities, such as training sessions, the body's oxygen demand may exceed supply, leading to a fainting episode. Causes of Fainting in Martial Arts Intense physical exertion can lead to decreased oxygen levels in the brain. Sudden changes in body position, such as standing still after vigorous activity, can trigger fainting. Dehydration or inadequate fluid intake during training sessions. Heat exhaustion or overheating in poorly ventilated environments. First Aid for Fainting Episodes When someone faints in a martial arts setting, follow these steps: 1. Positioning the Patient Immediately lay the person flat on their back. Elevate their legs 12 to 18 inches (30 to 45 centimetres) to improve blood flow back to the brain. 2. Reassure and Monitor Stay with the patient and reassure them as they regain consciousness. Encourage slow, gentle movements once they are fully awake to prevent another fainting spell. 3. Prevention in Martial Arts Classes Take proactive measures to prevent fainting: Monitor participants throughout and after training sessions. Encourage adequate hydration before, during, and after workouts. Allow for gradual cooling down and relaxation after intense activities. Be aware of individuals who may be susceptible to fainting, especially towards the end of classes. By understanding the causes and taking appropriate first aid measures, martial arts instructors can effectively manage fainting episodes and ensure participant safety. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/1323/Fainting-01.jpg Yes 113 https://www.promartialartsfirstaid.co.uk/training/instructors/video/epilepsy-treatment https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/2428.mp4 Epilepsy treatment Epilepsy and Seizure First Aid Understanding Epilepsy Epilepsy is a condition characterised by a propensity for recurrent, unprovoked convulsions, commonly referred to as seizures. Treatment approaches are generally consistent across most types of epilepsy. Dealing with Seizures Witnessing a seizure can be distressing, but as a first aider, your assistance is crucial. Follow these important steps: Protect: Safeguard the individual from harm by clearing the vicinity of dangerous objects. Cushion: Provide head support to prevent head injury. Time: Take note of the seizure's start and end times. Identification: Check for epilepsy identity cards or jewellery. Recovery Position: After the seizure, gently place them in the recovery position to aid breathing. Reassure: Offer calm reassurance throughout the process. Stay: Remain with the person until they fully recover. No Restraint: Avoid restraining or moving the person. Avoid Mouth Contact: Do not insert anything into the person's mouth. Minimize Movement: Only move them if there's imminent danger. No Food or Drink: Refrain from giving them food or drink until they are fully recovered. Avoid Waking: Do not attempt to rouse them. Monitoring and When to Call an Ambulance For all epilepsy types, continue monitoring the patient's breathing and pulse. Call for an ambulance under the following circumstances: First Seizure: It's their initial seizure. Long Duration: The seizure lasts longer than five minutes. Consecutive Seizures: Tonic-clonic seizures occur successively without consciousness recovery. Injury: The person sustains an injury during the seizure. Perceived Urgency: You believe immediate medical attention is necessary. In the rare event that the person stops breathing, activate Emergency Medical Services (EMS) and initiate CPR. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/4625/Epilepsy_treatment-01.jpg Yes 158 https://www.promartialartsfirstaid.co.uk/training/instructors/video/allergic-reactions-and-anaphylaxis https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/670.mp4 Allergic Reactions and Anaphylaxis Allergic Reactions and Anaphylaxis: First Aid Guide Understanding Allergic Reactions Minor allergic reactions are typically non-life-threatening and can include local reactions to stings or mild food sensitivities that do not affect breathing. Treatments may involve antihistamine creams or remedies for stomach upset symptoms. Anaphylaxis: A Severe Allergic Reaction Anaphylaxis is a severe allergic reaction that can be triggered by allergens such as bee stings, certain foods (e.g., peanuts), or medications. The reaction can cause rapid swelling of the throat, difficulty breathing, and a red, flushed face, requiring immediate medical attention. Response to Anaphylaxis If an anaphylactic reaction occurs, immediately call emergency services (999 in the UK). Administer an auto-injector containing adrenaline if the patient has one. Sit the patient down if feeling nauseous, or lay them down if dizzy, to assist with auto-injection. Using Auto-Injectors Types of Auto-Injectors There are three main types of auto-injectors available: Jext: Remove cap, place against thigh, push to inject, hold for 10 seconds, then rub injection site. EpiPen: Remove cap, swing and press against thigh, hold for 3 seconds; no need to rub. Emerade: Remove cap, place on thigh, push to inject, hold for 5 seconds, then rub injection site. Ensure used auto-injectors are given to paramedics for proper disposal and follow-up care. Second Injection Consideration If symptoms persist or worsen after the first dose, a second auto-injector may be necessary under medical guidance. By following these steps, you can effectively manage and respond to allergic reactions and anaphylaxis emergencies. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/1329/Allergic_Reactions_and_Anaphylaxis-01.jpg Yes 188 https://www.promartialartsfirstaid.co.uk/training/instructors/video/child-choking-conscious-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/170.mp4 Choking in children Dealing with Choking: Adult and Child Types of Obstruction Mild Airway Obstruction: Involves discomfort, potential pain, and distress due to a partial blockage (e.g., fishbone or small object). Severe Airway Obstruction: Represents a complete blockage, preventing breathing, talking, or coughing and may lead to unconsciousness if not addressed. Dealing with Choking on an Adult Assess Breathing: Ask the person if they are choking; if they can talk, they can breathe. Encourage Coughing: Support and keep the person calm, encouraging them to cough to clear the obstruction. Observe the Mouth: If the obstruction is visible, attempt to remove it without inserting fingers deeply into the mouth. Dealing with Choking on a Child Size Considerations: Kneel behind the child due to their smaller size; anticipate distress and the need for forcefulness. Back Blows: Stand behind and to the side of the child, delivering five sharp back blows between the shoulder blades using the heel of your hand. Abdominal Thrusts: Perform abdominal thrusts by making a fist and placing it between the child's belly button and the bottom of their breastbone; perform five sharp inward and upward pulls with the other hand on top of the fist. Repeat If Necessary: If the obstruction persists, repeat five back blows and five abdominal thrusts, checking each time. Emergency Actions If Obstruction Persists: Continue attempts to clear the obstruction; call emergency services if not done already. Loss of Consciousness: If the child loses consciousness, gently guide them to the floor, avoiding injury; initiate CPR if not breathing. After Successful Removal Assess and Calm: Sit the child down and keep them calm; seek medical attention to check for any injuries resulting from the thrusts. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/293/Choking_in_children-01.jpg Yes 197 https://www.promartialartsfirstaid.co.uk/training/instructors/video/managing-pre-existing-conditions https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/656.mp4 Managing Pre-Existing Conditions Medical Declarations in Martial Arts Training Importance of Medical Declarations Ensuring safety and appropriate training adaptations for individuals with medical conditions: Participant Responsibilities: Inform the martial arts centre of any existing medical conditions during registration. Form Completion: Fill out medical declaration forms accurately and comprehensively. Instructor Awareness: Instructors must be aware of participants' medical conditions to provide appropriate support. Managing Medical Conditions Guidelines for instructors and participants to handle medical conditions effectively: Individual Assessment: Discuss medical conditions privately with instructors to determine necessary adaptations. Form Updates: Regularly review and update medical declaration forms to reflect any changes in health or emergency contact details. Data Protection: Ensure all medical records are stored securely in compliance with Data Protection regulations. Continuous Review and Communication Maintaining up-to-date and accurate information for participant safety: Regular Reviews: Review medical forms every six months or as required by martial arts association guidelines. Open Communication: Participants should openly communicate any health concerns or changes in emergency contact details to the martial arts centre. By adhering to these practices, both instructors and participants can ensure a safe and supportive training environment in martial arts. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/1295/Managing_Pre-Existing_Conditions-01.jpg Yes 194 https://www.promartialartsfirstaid.co.uk/training/instructors/video/aed-demo-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/249.mp4 How to Use an AED Practical Guide to Using an Automatic External Defibrillator (AED) Initial Steps in AED Usage This guide assumes initial emergency response actions, like scene safety and wearing gloves, have already been performed. It starts from the point of AED arrival at the emergency scene. Preparing the Patient Ensure the patient's chest is fully exposed to attach the AED pads effectively. Remove any obstructive clothing, including undergarments, for clear pad placement. Inspect for any medical devices like pacemakers or metal patches that might interfere with the defibrillation process. Securely place the AED pads on clean, bare skin. Operating the AED Turn on the AED unit and follow the vocal instructions. Adhere the pads to the specified areas on the patient's chest. Ensure everyone is clear of the patient before analyzing the rhythm and delivering a shock if advised. Continue with CPR as guided by the AED, following the metronome and feedback for effective compressions. Key Points in AED Usage Speed is crucial: Aim to attach the AED within four minutes for a higher survival chance. Use visual and auditory prompts from the AED for accurate and effective CPR. Continue the process until emergency services arrive and take over. Conclusion Using an AED is a critical skill in emergency situations. This guide provides a simplified yet comprehensive approach to effectively operate an AED and perform life-saving actions. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/445/How_to_Use_an_AED-01.jpg Yes 553 https://www.promartialartsfirstaid.co.uk/training/instructors/video/epilepsy-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/117.mp4 Epilepsy Epilepsy: Understanding Recurrent Seizures Defining Epilepsy Epilepsy is presently described as a propensity for recurrent seizures, which are triggered by sudden bursts of excessive electrical activity within the brain. This surge disrupts normal communication between brain cells, leading to interruptions or mix-ups in the brain's messaging. The Impact of Seizures The effects of a seizure are contingent on the origin and spread of epileptic activity in the brain. As the brain governs all bodily functions, the experience during a seizure varies depending on these factors, resulting in numerous seizure types. Seizures aren't exclusive to epilepsy; they can arise from diverse causes like head injuries, low blood glucose in diabetics, or alcohol poisoning. Key Facts About Epilepsy Epilepsy: A tendency for recurrent seizures. Seizure Types: Approximately 40 different types exist, and individuals may experience more than one. Wide Impact: Affects people of all ages and backgrounds. UK Prevalence: 1 in 131 people (456,000 individuals). Treatment Potential: 70 percent could achieve seizure freedom with suitable treatment. Single Seizures: 1 in 20 people may have a single seizure during their life. Outgrowing Epilepsy: Many who develop epilepsy as children may "grow out of it" in adulthood. Driving License: In the UK, those seizure-free for a year can reapply for a driving license. SUDEP: Sudden Unexpected Death in Epilepsy accounts for 500 UK deaths annually. Pregnancy: 2,500 women with epilepsy in the UK have a baby each year. Understanding Seizures Identifying a seizure involves observing key indicators: Sudden Loss of Responsiveness Rigid Body with Arched Back Noisy, Difficult Breathing Convulsions Possible Loss of Bladder Control Post-Seizure Deep Sleep A typical description of a tonic-clonic seizure, the most common generalised seizure type: Tonic Phase: Involves body rigidity, loss of consciousness, and chest muscle contractions. Clonic Phase: Characterized by repetitive muscle contractions and body shaking. Following a seizure, regaining consciousness may vary, accompanied by confusion and muscle soreness. Headaches and fatigue are common, prompting a desire to sleep. Some individuals experience warning symptoms called auras before seizures, manifesting as peculiar movements, sensations, or intense emotions. However, seizures often occur without warning. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/187/Epilepsy-01.jpg Yes 193 https://www.promartialartsfirstaid.co.uk/training/instructors/video/spinal-injury-martial-arts https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/754.mp4 Spinal Injury Management Managing Back Injuries: First Aid and Precautions Understanding Back Injuries Back injuries, particularly those involving the spine, require careful handling as they can lead to serious consequences such as paralysis or loss of function. Impact on Spinal Cord The spine houses the delicate spinal cord, which, unlike bones, cannot repair itself if damaged. Injuries to the spinal cord can result in long-term disabilities. Key Considerations Location of Injury: Lower back injuries (lumbar region) can cause paralysis or sensory issues in the lower body. Upper back injuries may affect vital functions like breathing. Initial Response: If someone falls or sustains a back injury, it's crucial to prevent movement to avoid exacerbating spinal damage. First Aid Protocol Follow these steps if someone has a suspected back injury: Immediate Actions Stabilize the head and neck to prevent movement. Keep the person calm and reassure them. If necessary, gently adjust the head to a neutral position. When Movement is Necessary Only move the person if: They are not breathing and CPR is required. There is immediate danger such as fire or imminent collapse. Ensuring Safety Keep the scene secure and call emergency services. Avoid unnecessary movement to prevent further injury. Provide warmth with blankets to maintain body temperature. Medical Response and Further Care Paramedics will immobilize the person on a spinal board for transport to the hospital where further evaluation and X-rays will confirm the extent of the injury. Assumption of Injury Until proven otherwise by medical professionals, treat all suspected back injuries as serious spinal injuries to ensure the person's safety. By following these guidelines, you can minimize the risk of aggravating spinal injuries and provide effective initial care. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/1333/Spinal_Injury_Management-01.jpg Yes 211 https://www.promartialartsfirstaid.co.uk/training/instructors/video/infant-recovery-position https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/284.mp4 Infant Recovery Position Recovery Position for Infants Differences in the Recovery Position Using the recovery position for adults and children differs significantly from what you should do when dealing with an infant (under 1 year old). It's crucial to adapt your approach for their specific needs. Steps for Infant Recovery Follow these steps when dealing with an unconscious infant: Cradle the Infant: After confirming no injuries and checking for breathing, cradle the infant in your arms. Hold them facing you with their head tilted downward. Proper Support: Support their body using your arm and one hand while your other hand cradles their head securely. Choking and Vomit Prevention: This position prevents choking on the tongue or inhaling vomit. It also allows for easy monitoring. Continual Monitoring: Regularly check for breathing and assess their circulation by observing the color of their lips. Keep a close watch for signs of regaining consciousness. Comfort and Warmth: Holding them this way provides comfort and warmth to the infant during this critical time. Calling for Help If necessary, you can call emergency services or ask someone for assistance. However, ensure that you remain cautious while moving around. Your primary focus must always be on the infant's well-being, but it's equally important to avoid accidents like slipping, tripping, or falling. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/515/Infant_Recovery_Position-01.jpg Yes 74 https://www.promartialartsfirstaid.co.uk/training/instructors/video/eye-injuries-martial-arts https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/661.mp4 Eye injuries Managing Eye Injuries: First Aid Guide Types of Eye Injuries Eye injuries can range from cuts and impact injuries to foreign objects and chemical exposures. Dealing with Chemicals and Foreign Objects Chemical Exposure: If a chemical enters the eye, immediately flush it out using a saline solution, eyewash station, or clean water. Ensure to wash away from the unaffected eye and flush for at least 20 minutes. Provide emergency services with details of the chemical. Foreign Objects: Small particles like grit or dirt can be blinked out or carefully removed using a sterile dressing or tissue. Avoid rubbing the eye. Handling Cuts and Impact Injuries Cuts Near the Eye: Apply a sterile eye pad dressing. Reassure the patient and help them stay calm to alleviate anxiety. Protecting the Eye: Avoid covering the patient's ears with the dressing to maintain their hearing alongside their impaired vision. Special Considerations Eye Movement Risks: If movement could worsen the injury (e.g., foreign object in the eye), instruct the patient to cup their hands over their eyes to prevent movement. Transport and Care: When moving a patient with an eye injury, keep them calm and reassure them. Avoid touching or rubbing the eye. When to Seek Medical Help According to NHS guidelines, seek immediate medical attention if: A strong chemical (e.g., oven cleaner) enters the eye A sharp object penetrates the eye An object strikes the eye at high speed (e.g., power tool) Changes in vision or eye appearance after injury Headache, high temperature, sensitivity to light, nausea, or vomiting Inability to move or keep the eye open Blood or pus coming from the eye Follow these guidelines to provide effective first aid for various eye injuries until medical help arrives. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/1309/Eye_injuries-01.jpg Yes 206 https://www.promartialartsfirstaid.co.uk/training/instructors/video/aed-storage https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/1898.mp4 AED Storage Best Practices for Storing and Using AED Units Proper Storage of AEDs Storing AED units correctly is crucial for their accessibility and functionality. They can be found in various locations including vehicles, first aid kits, and dedicated grab bags or boxes. AED Cabinets: A variety of AED storage options are available, including lockable, heated, or air-cooled cabinets. Responding to an Emergency with an AED In an emergency requiring an AED: If another individual is present, initiate CPR and instruct them to call emergency services and find the nearest AED. When using an AED, brand does not matter. Turn on the device and follow its spoken instructions. Post-Use Procedures After using an AED: Inform the responsible person or authority that the AED has been used. Ensure the AED is inspected and serviced, including pad replacement and battery check, to maintain readiness for future emergencies. Conclusion Effective storage and use of AEDs, coupled with appropriate post-use maintenance, are key to ensuring they are ready for any emergency. Always follow the instructions provided by the AED unit for the best outcome. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/3401/Internal_AED_cabinets.jpg Yes 124 https://www.promartialartsfirstaid.co.uk/training/instructors/video/infant-choking-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/172.mp4 Infant Choking How to Respond When an Infant is Choking Choking is a critical emergency, especially in infants, requiring swift and effective intervention to prevent severe outcomes. Understanding Choking in Infants Infants are more prone to choking on food or small objects. Quick action is essential in these situations to ensure their safety. Mild vs. Severe Choking Mild Obstruction: Some air passage remains, and the infant can cough. Severe Obstruction: Airway is completely blocked, preventing breathing, crying, or coughing. Immediate Actions for Severe Choking Follow these steps carefully to assist a choking infant: Step 1: Back Blows Lay the infant face down along your thigh while sitting. Support their head with one hand. With the heel of your other hand, give up to five firm back-blows between the shoulder blades. Check between blows for any dislodged obstruction. Step 2: Checking the Mouth Turn the infant over and lay them on your leg face-up to inspect their mouth: Remove visible obstructions carefully. Avoid blind finger sweeps. Step 3: Chest Thrusts While the infant is still lying face-up on your leg, locate the breastbone. Perform up to five chest thrusts using two thumbs with your hands around the chest, pressing inwards and downwards. Repeat back blows and chest thrusts if the obstruction remains. If the Infant Becomes Unconscious Immediately check for breathing and prepare to start CPR if there is no breath. Call Emergency Services or have someone call them if not done already. Conclusion Being prepared to act in a choking emergency can save an infant's life. Practice and familiarity with these procedures can make a critical difference. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/297/infant_choking.jpg Yes 231 https://www.promartialartsfirstaid.co.uk/training/instructors/video/cuts-and-bleeding-control https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/662.mp4 Cuts and Bleeding Control Managing Cuts and Serious Bleeding: First Aid Guide Understanding Types of Bleeding Before addressing cuts, it's important to understand how blood circulates through the body. This includes differentiating between arterial and capillary bleeding. Arterial Bleeding If an artery is cut, blood spurts or pulses and is bright red due to high oxygen content. Capillary Bleeding Capillary cuts result in oozing blood, often with a darker colour, as blood returns to the heart without pulsation. Dealing with Serious Bleeding When faced with a serious cut or bleeding, immediate action is crucial. Initial Steps Assess the Scene: Ensure safety for both yourself and the injured person. Prepare: Wear gloves and retrieve your first aid kit. Applying Pressure Dressing Direct Pressure: Press firmly on the wound to reduce blood flow. Elevate the Wound: Raise the affected area to reduce blood pressure. Apply Dressing: Place a sterile pad over the wound, wrapping towards the heart to avoid trapping blood in the extremities. Secure: Tie the bandage away from the wound site, ensuring it's firm but not constricting circulation. Monitoring and Reassessment Check the dressing for any signs of continued bleeding. If bleeding persists, apply additional dressings. Signs of Shock Watch for symptoms such as nausea, dizziness, or weakness, which could indicate shock. If present, take immediate action: Lay the person down Elevate their legs Keep them warm Call emergency services Perform a capillary refill check to ensure circulation is not compromised. When to Seek Medical Assistance If bleeding is severe or persists despite first aid, seek immediate medical attention. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/1327/Cuts_and_Bleeding_Control-01.jpg Yes 295 https://www.promartialartsfirstaid.co.uk/training/instructors/video/excessive-blood-loss https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/1956.mp4 Excessive Blood Loss Recognizing and Treating Blood Loss: First Aid Guide Understanding Blood Loss Hidden Threat: Excessive blood loss doesn't always involve visible skin injuries; it can occur internally with fractures or organ damage. Impact of Fractures: Even when the skin remains intact, a broken thigh bone can lead to blood loss of up to one litre; if there's an external bleed, this can escalate to one to two litres. Pelvic Fractures: Pelvic fractures can range from minor blood loss to severe cases where a person can lose all their blood, as the main femoral artery passes over the pelvis. Organ Injuries: Injuries to organs such as the spleen, liver, or chest can result in varying levels of blood loss, from minimal to total. Recognizing Blood Loss Challenging Recognition: Identifying severe blood loss can be difficult. It's wise to assume the worst and treat accordingly due to the challenges of assessing both external and internal bleeding. Factors Affecting Recognition: Various factors like age, size, weight, medical conditions, fitness, and medications can influence how signs and symptoms manifest, potentially masking them until the situation becomes critical. Assessment and Response Collect Information: Gather details about the incident history and assess the injury mechanism. Watch for Signs: Keep an eye out for these signs: Pale, Cold, Sweaty Skin Rapid Breathing (Over 20 breaths per minute) Thirst Rapid Pulse (Over 100 beats per minute) Altered Mental State Anxiety, Confusion, Drowsiness, Restlessness Unconsciousness Emergency Treatment Immediate Actions: Activate Emergency Services: Call for professional help. Treat External Bleeding: Address any visible external bleeding. Identify Internal Bleeding: Attempt to determine if there is internal bleeding. Position and Monitor: Lay Down: Place the individual on their back. Raise Legs (If Possible): Elevate their legs if feasible. Keep Warm: Ensure they stay warm. Monitor Consciousness and Vital Signs: Continuously assess their consciousness and vital signs. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/3535/Excessive_Blood_Loss-01.jpg Yes 129 https://www.promartialartsfirstaid.co.uk/training/instructors/video/aed-demo-for-units-without-cpr-help https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/1911.mp4 AED demo for units without CPR help Guide to Using the HeartSine 350 AED Overview of the HeartSine 350 AED Unlike the HeartSine 500, the HeartSine 350 AED does not offer CPR assistance. This guide will take you through the process of using this AED model during an emergency. Initiating the AED Process Start the AED: Turn on the HeartSine 350 and listen to the voice prompts. Prepare the Patient: Expose the patient's chest to ensure direct skin contact for the pads. Applying AED Pads Remove the pads from the package, following the instructions on the liner. Apply pads to the bare chest, as indicated in the accompanying picture. Ensure pads are pressed firmly onto the patient's skin. Analyzing Rhythm and Delivering a Shock The AED will automatically analyze the heart rhythm once pads are correctly applied. Stand clear of the patient during analysis and shock delivery. If advised, press the orange shock button. Performing CPR Begin CPR in sync with the metronome provided by the AED. Ensure compressions are of adequate depth (5-6 cm) and fully release after each compression. Continue until the AED indicates another analysis or until medical help arrives. Key Differences from CPR-Assist AEDs The HeartSine 350 does not provide direct feedback on the quality of CPR. Users must focus on maintaining the correct rhythm and depth of compressions. Conclusion The HeartSine 350 AED is an effective tool in emergencies, especially when used correctly and promptly. Understanding its operation and limitations is crucial for effective emergency response. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/3437/AED_demo_for_units_without_CPR_help-01.jpg Yes 190 https://www.promartialartsfirstaid.co.uk/training/instructors/video/aed-maintenance https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/418.mp4 AED Maintenance A Guide to Maintaining Your AED The Importance of Regular AED Checks In any British workplace, it's paramount to regularly oversee your Automated External Defibrillator (AED) to ascertain its correct functionality. While workplace policies might differ, adhering to the manufacturer's guidelines is essential. Frequency of Checks Your workplace policy may stipulate daily, weekly, or monthly checks. Regardless, consistent vigilance ensures the unit's readiness. Initial Checks: Signs of a Functional AED For many AED units, a flashing light signals proper operation. Conversely, beeping or other warning sounds might highlight issues such as low batteries. Conducting a Comprehensive AED Assessment Engage in the unit's self-test. Any detected issues will prompt warnings and notifications. Upon opening the case, ensure all components are present: pads, instructions, and the unit itself. Inspect the pads for intact seals and check their expiry dates. Examine the unit for damages, humidity, or dust. If damp or dusty, reconsider its storage method. Consider heated cabinets to shield AEDs from extreme cold. Ensure the cabinet's heating and lighting functions are intact. To test the AED, activate the start button. A successful initial analysing-cycle, marked by flashing lights and appropriate voice prompts, confirms its operational readiness. Documentation and Updates Post-check, it's crucial to duly record your observations. Moreover, if your AED is linked to the 999 network, remember to update your records therein. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/783/AED_Maintenance-01.jpg Yes 106 https://www.promartialartsfirstaid.co.uk/training/instructors/video/head-injuries-and-treatment https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/663.mp4 Head Injuries and Treatment Head Injuries: Symptoms, First Aid, and Emergency Response Understanding Head Injuries Head injuries can vary from minor cuts and bruises to serious brain trauma. The brain's enclosed space in the skull means any swelling or bleeding can cause significant pressure on vital brain functions. Symptoms of Head Injuries Feeling sick or nausea Vomiting Dizziness, ranging from mild to severe Changes in mental state or behaviour Visible signs like blood or fluid from ears or nose First Aid for Head Injuries If someone has sustained a head injury, follow these steps: Immediate Actions Assess the situation and keep calm. Keep the person's head and shoulders elevated. Monitor their symptoms closely. Do not leave them alone, especially if symptoms worsen over time. When to Seek Medical Help Head injuries should be evaluated by medical professionals, especially if: Severe symptoms persist such as intense headache or persistent dizziness. There are visible signs of fluid drainage from ears or nose. Personality changes or behavioural differences are noticed. Post-Injury Monitoring Monitor the person for up to 48 hours after the injury for any worsening symptoms or signs of complications. Emergency Response and Further Care Activate emergency services promptly. Medical professionals will assess the severity of the head injury and provide necessary care and monitoring. It's crucial to maintain warmth and comfort for the injured person while awaiting medical assistance. Remember, any significant changes or new symptoms should prompt immediate re-evaluation by medical professionals. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/1325/Head_Injuries_and_Treatment-01.jpg Yes 192 https://www.promartialartsfirstaid.co.uk/training/instructors/video/martial-arts-first-aid-for-instructors-introduction https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/3602.mp4 Course introduction Welcome to the First Aid for Martial Arts Instructors' Course Course Overview Explore our comprehensive first aid training designed specifically for martial arts instructors. Course Options: Choose 100% online learning or add a practical session if needed. Flexible Learning: Start and stop the course at your convenience and resume where you left off. Multi-Device Access: View the course on any device – computer, smartphone, or tablet. Enhanced Viewing: Pin videos to the top of your screen for simultaneous text reading. Subtitles and Support: Access additional text and subtitles for each video; get help with incorrect answers. Completion Benefits: Receive a completion certificate, certified CPD statement, and evidenced based learning statement upon passing the test. Validation: Validate your certificate using the QR code provided. Resources and Updates: Access training resources and links on the course homepage; stay updated with new course materials. Extended Access: Enjoy access to the course for 8 months from your start date, even after passing. Support and Contact: Receive complete support via email, phone, or online chat throughout your training. Weekly Updates: Get Monday morning emails to stay informed about new videos and blog updates. Thank you for choosing ProTrainings for your first aid training needs. Best of luck with your course! https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/6447/Course_introduction-01.jpg Yes 150 https://www.promartialartsfirstaid.co.uk/training/instructors/video/aed-accessory-kit https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/1906.mp4 AED Prep Kit AED Prep Kits: An Essential Companion to Your Defibrillator No matter the brand of your Automated External Defibrillator (AED), it's always beneficial to accompany it with an AED prep kit. While some brands include a prep kit, typically, these need to be purchased separately. What is an AED Prep Kit? The AED prep kit equips you with essential items to assist in a critical situation. While there are different versions available, the contents are usually similar. This guide discusses our primary AED prep kit, which is popular among defibrillator users. Inside an AED Prep Kit The AED prep kit contains: Razor: Helps clear excess hair from the chest to ensure optimal pad contact. Tissues: Useful for drying the chest in case it's wet, promoting better adhesion of the AED pads. Gloves: Necessary for hygiene and protection while performing first aid. CPR Face Shield: Protects the rescuer during mouth-to-mouth resuscitation. Wipes: Useful for general cleaning purposes. The Role of AED Prep Kits in Emergency Situations Even without an AED prep kit, one should never delay performing CPR or using the AED. If you find yourself without a kit and need to remove chest hair, just proceed with applying the AED pads directly. However, the primary aim of first aid planning is to have the right equipment when you need it most, and an AED prep kit is a low-cost and easy addition to any AED. Adding an AED Prep Kit to Your First Aid Equipment Depending on the brand of your AED, many come with cases where you can easily slot in the prep kit. Alternatively, you can store it alongside your defibrillator in your first aid kit. Having an AED prep kit on hand ensures you're fully prepared to assist in an emergency. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/3427/Screenshot_2023-07-16_at_16.01.18.png Yes 86 https://www.promartialartsfirstaid.co.uk/training/instructors/video/child-aed-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/236.mp4 Child AED Child Cardiac Arrest: CPR and AED Use (Ages 1–12) If you find a child aged between 1 and 12 years who is unresponsive and not breathing normally, you must act quickly. Early CPR and rapid defibrillation give the child the best possible chance of survival. Because this age group covers a wide range of sizes and weights, CPR techniques are adapted to suit the child in front of you. Calling for Help If the child is unresponsive: Call 999 immediately and ask for an ambulance. If you are unsure whether the child is breathing normally, treat them as though they are not. Put your phone on speakerphone so the call handler can guide you. Start CPR Immediately In children, cardiac arrest is often caused by breathing problems. For this reason: Start with five rescue breaths. Then begin chest compressions. Chest Compressions Compress the chest to around one-third of its depth. Allow full chest recoil after each compression. Maintain a rate of 100–120 compressions per minute. Continue CPR using a ratio of 15 compressions to 2 breaths. Do not pause CPR while someone is fetching an AED. Using an AED on a Child Use the AED as soon as it arrives. Switch the AED on and follow the voice and visual prompts. If available, use a paediatric mode or paediatric pads, which reduce shock energy. If paediatric settings are not available, use adult pads and settings. Never delay defibrillation. Pad Placement Ensure the child’s chest is bare and dry. Children under approximately 25 kg (usually under 8 years) Place one pad on the front of the chest, slightly to the left side. Place the other pad on the back, between the shoulder blades. This front-and-back placement ensures the electrical shock passes through the heart. Children over approximately 25 kg Place one pad on the centre of the chest. Place the other pad on the back, between the shoulder blades. During AED Analysis and Shock When the AED says “Stand clear”, ensure no one is touching the child. If a shock is advised, make sure everyone stays clear while it is delivered. Restart chest compressions immediately after the shock, or if no shock is advised. Continue CPR Until Professional help arrives and takes over, or The child shows clear signs of life, or You are physically unable to continue. Key Safety Message AEDs are extremely safe to use on children. They will only deliver a shock if it is needed. Early CPR and early defibrillation dramatically improve survival. The most important thing is to act quickly, confidently, and without delay. Your actions could save a child’s life. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/419/Child_AED.jpg Yes 177 https://www.promartialartsfirstaid.co.uk/training/instructors/video/improving-compressions https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/1950.mp4 Improving compressions Delivering High-Quality CPR: Position, Depth, Rate, and Technique Providing high-quality CPR is one of the most important actions you can take during cardiac arrest. Small improvements in technique can significantly increase the amount of blood delivered to the brain and heart, improving survival. Correct Position for CPR The optimal position for delivering CPR is by the side of the casualty. This allows easier movement between chest compressions and rescue breaths and helps maintain good technique. However, compressions can also be delivered from over the head if space is limited. This may be necessary in confined environments such as: Aircraft aisles Buses or coaches Trains or other restricted spaces Compression Depth: Why It Matters Fear of causing harm, fatigue, or limited upper-body strength often leads rescuers to compress too shallowly. This is one of the most common CPR errors. Current guidance recommends that adult chest compressions should be 5–6 centimetres deep. Estimating compression depth is difficult, and evidence shows that compressions are often too shallow. Importantly, compressions that are slightly too deep are far less harmful than compressions that are too shallow. Priority: Ensure adequate compression depth every time. Compression Rate: Finding the Right Speed Large studies involving more than 13,000 patients have shown that the highest survival rates occur when chest compressions are delivered at a rate of: 100–120 compressions per minute When compression rates exceed 120 per minute, compression depth often decreases. For this reason, it is important not to exceed two compressions per second. Minimising Pauses in Chest Compressions Every pause in chest compressions reduces blood flow to vital organs. Pauses commonly occur during: Defibrillation Rescue breaths AED rhythm analysis All interruptions should be kept under 10 seconds wherever possible. Clear communication between rescuers is essential to minimise these gaps and maintain effective CPR. Chest Recoil: Just as Important as Compression Allowing the chest to fully recoil after each compression is just as important as pushing down. A common mistake is leaning on the chest, which prevents full recoil. Full recoil allows better venous return to the heart, improving circulation and overall CPR effectiveness. Think of compression and recoil as equal: Compression time = recoil time Managing Fatigue During CPR Compression quality can begin to fall after as little as two minutes. If there are enough rescuers available: Swap the person delivering compressions every two minutes Ensure there is no pause while changing rescuers This helps maintain correct depth, rate, and recoil. Practice Improves Performance Regular practice is one of the best ways to improve CPR quality. Use a CPR manikin whenever possible If practising at home, use a toy or stuffed animal to rehearse hand position and technique Confidence comes from practice, and confident CPR saves lives. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/3513/Improving_compressions-01.jpg Yes 181 https://www.promartialartsfirstaid.co.uk/training/instructors/video/horizontal-sling2 https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/2747.mp4 Horizontal Slings Applying a Horizontal Sling for Arm Injuries Understanding how to apply a horizontal sling is essential in first aid, particularly for injuries requiring immobilisation of the arm in a horizontal position. This guide provides step-by-step instructions for applying a horizontal sling using a triangular bandage. When to Use a Horizontal Sling A horizontal sling is used to immobilise an arm with injuries such as a damaged limb or when a splint is applied. It ensures the arm remains in a steady, horizontal position. Preparing the Triangular Bandage Choose a suitable triangular bandage, either calico (fabric) or paper, commonly found in first aid kits. Unlike an elevated sling, no knot is needed in the bandage for a horizontal sling. Applying the Sling Place the bandage under the injured arm, positioning the 90-degree corner accordingly, and bring the ends over the arm. Securing the Sling Adjust the bandage for comfort before tying a knot at the top. Ensure the sling is snug but does not restrict circulation. Consider leaving the hand exposed for monitoring purposes. Final Adjustments and Comfort Check for a proper fit and comfort. The sling should support the arm securely without being overly tight. Use pins or tape for additional security if needed. Ensuring Stability and Monitoring Ensure the sling provides adequate support for the arm. Perform a capillary refill check to confirm good blood flow to the hand. Applying a horizontal sling correctly is crucial in first aid for providing support and immobilisation to arm injuries. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/4909/Horizontal_Slings-01.jpg Yes 104 https://www.promartialartsfirstaid.co.uk/training/instructors/video/barriers-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/96.mp4 Using gloves Importance of Gloves in Emergency First Aid Fear of Infection in First Aid For some individuals, the fear of infection can discourage them from providing emergency first aid. However, safeguarding yourself from potential infection is crucial when assisting a patient. Gloves play a pivotal role in facilitating your response and ensuring protection. Types of Gloves Various glove options are available for first aid, with nitrile and vinyl being commonly used: Nitrile Gloves: Widely used in first aid, available in different colours, and suitable for various purposes. Vinyl Gloves: Commonly used in food preparation but less durable; handle with care to prevent tearing. Latex Gloves: Now less common due to allergy risks, particularly latex allergies. Gloves can be powdered or powder-free, with powder facilitating easier wear but posing potential allergy issues. Putting On and Changing Gloves Proper glove usage is essential: Ensure there are no rings that could damage the gloves. Inspect gloves for any holes or tears before wearing them. Follow the correct method for putting on gloves, as demonstrated in the video. If dealing with multiple patients, change gloves to prevent cross-contamination. Safe Glove Removal Removing gloves correctly is vital to prevent contact with blood or bodily fluids: Dispose of used gloves, along with other soiled items, in a biohazard bag or bin. Never dispose of gloves in general waste, as they may pose a risk to others. Workplaces may have specific rules for glove and infected material disposal; always adhere to local guidelines. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/145/Using_Gloves-01.jpg Yes 153 https://www.promartialartsfirstaid.co.uk/training/instructors/video/accuhaler https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/4262.mp4 Accuhaler® Accuhaler: A Different Type of Inhaler for Asthma Emergencies Introduction to the Accuhaler An overview of the Accuhaler, a unique inhaler for asthma management. Powder-Based Inhaler: The Accuhaler employs powdered medication rather than aerosol. Distinctive Design: It features a round, blue device designed for asthma emergencies. Dose Counter: The device includes a dose counter to monitor remaining medication. How to Use the Accuhaler Step-by-step instructions for correctly using the Accuhaler. Hold in Proper Position: Hold the Accuhaler horizontally or vertically. Activation: Twist the device open with your thumb to activate it. Mouthpiece: Seal your mouth around the mouthpiece. Exhalation: Breathe out fully before inhalation. Inhalation: Breathe in deeply to allow the powder into your lungs. Resetting: After use, close and reset the unit by pressing the side button down. Maintenance Tips: Proper maintenance and storage are essential for effective drug delivery. Common Mistakes to Avoid Tips to prevent common errors when using the Accuhaler. Inadequate Exhalation: Ensure you exhale fully before inhaling to optimize drug intake. Unit Maintenance: Keep the Accuhaler in good condition to prevent drug delivery issues. Continuous Inhalation: Take one long, continuous breath to ensure effective drug administration. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/7659/Accuhaler-01.jpg Yes 83 https://www.promartialartsfirstaid.co.uk/training/instructors/video/battery-aeds https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/420.mp4 AED Batteries AED Battery Types and Their Maintenance Types of AED Batteries AED units typically use solid disposable battery packs, though some models might employ multiple small batteries. It's important to understand that AEDs are solely powered by these batteries and do not rely on mains power or rechargeable options. Integrated Battery Systems Some AED models, like the HeartSine units, incorporate the battery into the pad cartridge. This design simplifies maintenance by ensuring that replacing the pads also means a fresh battery, guaranteeing the unit's readiness. Battery Shelf Life and Maintenance Checks The lifespan of AED batteries can range from two to five years. Regularly checking the battery charge level is crucial for emergency preparedness. Regular Checks: Ensure that the batteries are fully charged and operational. Alerts and Indicators: Pay attention to any alerts such as beeps or lights indicating battery issues. Emergency Use: Even if the unit indicates a need for battery replacement, it can still be used in emergency situations. Conclusion Effective management of AED batteries is essential for ensuring that the device is ready for use during emergencies. By understanding the types of batteries used and adhering to regular maintenance checks, you can ensure the reliability and effectiveness of your AED unit. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/787/AED_Batteries-01.jpg Yes 235 https://www.promartialartsfirstaid.co.uk/training/instructors/video/stabilising-the-spine https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/5424.mp4 Stabilising the spine How to Immobilize a Suspected Spinal Injury Understanding the Importance Recognizing the significance of immobilizing the head in cases of suspected spinal injury is crucial. Any motion at this stage could potentially harm the spinal cord, resulting in life-altering disabilities or even fatality. Spinal injuries can arise from various incidents, including car accidents and falls. In this scenario, we will focus on addressing a potential spinal injury occurring on a sports field. Ensuring Airway Maintenance When dealing with a suspected spinal injury, it's imperative to act promptly while ensuring proper airway maintenance: Step 1: Assess the head's position and gently and gradually move it into a neutral alignment to secure the airway. Methods of Head Support There are three effective approaches to support the head without risking further injury: Method 1: Use your hands on either side of the head to hold it securely. Be mindful not to obstruct their ears, maintaining communication with clear direct speech to prevent unnecessary head movements. Method 2: Alternatively, you can support the head by positioning it between your knees on either side. This method reduces physical strain and allows for extended head support. Method 3: For prolonged head support, consider laying down on the floor while using your hands to cradle the head. This approach minimizes fatigue and ensures stable immobilization. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/9653/Stabilising_the_spine_in_a_first_aid_emergency.jpg Yes 71 https://www.promartialartsfirstaid.co.uk/training/instructors/video/child-cpr-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/168.mp4 Child CPR Child Cardiac Arrest: CPR and AED Guidance (Ages 1–12) Cardiac arrest in children is uncommon. When it does occur, it is usually caused by another medical emergency, most often a breathing problem, trauma, or an underlying illness, rather than a primary heart condition. Your first priority is to assess the situation quickly and understand what may have happened. Ensure the Scene Is Safe Before approaching the child, always check that it is safe to do so. Look for any dangers that could harm you or the child. If a parent, teacher, or guardian is nearby, ask for permission before intervening: “Can I help your child?” Check for Responsiveness If the child appears unresponsive, speak to them directly. Even if they cannot reply, they may still be able to hear you. Speak calmly and clearly: “Hello, my name’s Keith, I’m a first aider. Can you hear me?” If you know the child’s name, use it, as this can sometimes prompt a response. If there is no response: Gently tap the child’s shoulder or collarbone Ask again, “Are you OK? Can you hear me?” Call for Help If the child remains unresponsive, shout for help immediately. If someone is with you, ask them to call 999 on speakerphone, leave the phone with you, and bring an AED if one is available. The emergency call handler will give step-by-step instructions and guide you through CPR if needed. If you are alone, call 999 on speakerphone yourself and continue your assessment. Check for Normal Breathing Open the airway using the head-tilt, chin-lift technique Briefly look inside the mouth for any obvious obstruction and remove it if visible Place one hand on the forehead and two fingers on the bony part of the chin, gently tilting the head back Open the mouth slightly and check again for any visible obstruction Look, listen, and feel for normal breathing for up to 10 seconds You are looking for chest rise and fall, listening for breath sounds, and feeling for air movement on your cheek. If the child is not breathing normally or is only gasping (agonal breathing), treat this as cardiac arrest. When to Start CPR If you are alone, start CPR immediately and continue for one minute before going to get help. If someone else is present, they should call 999 straight away while you start CPR. In children, cardiac arrest is often caused by a lack of oxygen, so early CPR can help restore breathing and circulation. Five Initial Rescue Breaths Begin CPR with five rescue breaths: Open the airway Pinch the nose closed Seal your mouth over the child’s mouth Breathe steadily for up to one second, just enough to see the chest rise Allow the chest to fall before giving the next breath Repeat until five effective breaths have been delivered. Chest Compressions Place the heel of one hand in the centre of the chest, on the lower half of the sternum, between the nipples Keep your arms straight and shoulders directly above your hand Compress the chest to one-third of its depth (approximately 4–5 cm in a small child) Compress at a rate of 100–120 per minute Allow the chest to fully recoil between compressions If the child is larger or you cannot achieve enough depth, use two hands, one on top of the other. After the initial five breaths, continue CPR using a ratio of 15 compressions to 2 rescue breaths, keeping interruptions to a minimum. If two rescuers are present, swap roles every two minutes to prevent fatigue and maintain effective compressions. Using an AED on a Child As soon as an AED becomes available: Switch it on immediately and follow the voice prompts Use paediatric pads if available Place one pad on the chest and one on the back between the shoulder blades For children under 25 kg (around 8 years old), position the front pad slightly to the left side of the chest If only adult pads are available, use them, ensuring they do not touch The AED will analyse the heart rhythm and advise whether a shock is needed. When instructed, ensure everyone is standing clear Make sure no one is touching the child Deliver the shock if advised Immediately resume CPR after the shock, continuing with 15 compressions and 2 breaths until the AED re-analyses or help arrives. Continue CPR Until The child starts breathing normally or shows signs of life, such as movement or eye opening Emergency services arrive and take over You are physically unable to continue Key Points to Remember Always check for safety first Call 999 early — if alone, after one minute of CPR Give five initial rescue breaths before compressions Continue 15 compressions to 2 breaths at 100–120 per minute Use an AED as soon as it is available Swap rescuers every two minutes where possible to maintain CPR quality Early CPR and early defibrillation save lives. Acting quickly and confidently gives a child the best possible chance of survival. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/289/Child_CPR_2025.jpg Yes 296 https://www.promartialartsfirstaid.co.uk/training/instructors/video/aed-units-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/289.mp4 Types of AED Units Diverse Automatic External Defibrillators (AEDs) and Their Advanced Capabilities Overview of AED Types Despite numerous brands, AEDs can be broadly categorized into three main types, each with unique functionalities. Semi-Automatic AEDs Example: These AEDs require a manual shock delivery, indicated by a flashing button. Automatic AEDs Example: These AEDs automatically deliver a shock after a countdown, eliminating the need for a manual button press. CPR-Assist AEDs Example: These AEDs offer real-time feedback on CPR quality, aiding in effective resuscitation. Gateway Unit: Enhancing AED Functionality A unique addition to AEDs is the gateway unit, which enhances the unit's functionality with Wi-Fi connectivity. Benefits of Gateway Units Allows remote monitoring of AED status. Provides alerts for pad replacement and unit checks. Facilitates easy data transfer and management. Choosing the Right AED Selecting an AED depends on your specific needs. Consider whether automatic or manual shock delivery is preferable and if CPR feedback would be beneficial. Conclusion Understanding the different types of AEDs and their advanced features is crucial for effective emergency response and saving lives. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/525/Types_of_AED_Units-01.jpg Yes 330 https://www.promartialartsfirstaid.co.uk/training/instructors/video/calling-the-ems https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/868.mp4 Calling the Emergency Services Activating Emergency Medical Services: A Vital Process Immediate First Aid Providing initial first aid is essential, but remember to promptly involve the Emergency Medical Services (EMS) for professional assistance. Unified Emergency Number Regardless of the specific emergency service required, the contact number remains consistent. A delay in activating the EMS can have severe consequences: Call 999 or 112: These numbers are universally effective; choose either when in need. Both can be dialled from mobiles and landline phones. Effective Communication When making the call, consider using a hands-free or speakerphone mode to allow multitasking while communicating with the emergency services. They will guide you accordingly: Priority Categorization: The EMS will assess the situation and classify the call by priority. Examples include Category A for life-threatening scenarios and Category B for less critical cases. Service Selection: Specify the required service, which could be an ambulance, fire, police, Coast Guard, or other relevant services. The EMS may dispatch additional units as necessary. Clear Information: Provide a concise description of the situation initially. Answer any further questions as needed. Detailed location information is vital. Location Precision Ensuring accurate location details is critical. Use technology like 'what3words' or location apps for precise coordinates. The EMS can sometimes track your location via phone signals: Scene Safety: Make the environment safe and accessible for the emergency services. Unlock doors, illuminate the area, and secure pets if applicable. Workplace Awareness: Inform colleagues and reception about the EMS's impending arrival to prevent confusion. Assistance Guide: If others are present, delegate someone to meet and guide the EMS to your location, enhancing efficiency. Alternative Contact Methods Consider scenarios where traditional phone calls may not be possible, such as remote locations: Use of Radios: Learn how to operate two-way radios or satellite phones when needed for emergencies. Text Communication: If hearing-impaired, set up emergency service notification via text messages (details available in the download area). Keeping the Line Open If circumstances change or you require updates, don't hesitate to call EMS again. They can stay on the line to assist until their arrival. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/1509/Calling_the_Emergency_Services-01.jpg Yes 265 https://www.promartialartsfirstaid.co.uk/training/instructors/video/aed-troubleshooting https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/1402.mp4 AED Troubleshooting Effective Troubleshooting and Maintenance of AED Units Understanding AED Functionality AEDs are generally reliable and self-maintaining. Familiarizing yourself with the instruction manual upon receiving the unit is essential for effective troubleshooting. Recognizing AED Warning Signals Pay attention to the unit's indicator lights and audio messages: Normal Operation: A regular flashing light indicates proper functioning. Warning Indicators: A flashing red light signals a problem. Promptly refer to the manual for guidance. Data Storage Capacity: A warning about a full data card suggests limited data storage capacity, though the AED will continue to operate normally. Temperature Alerts: Rapid beeping may signal temperature-related issues. Protective cases can mitigate extreme temperature effects. Servicing and Warranty If the unit displays a servicing message, contact your supplier or manufacturer immediately. Avoid self-investigating to preserve the warranty. Regular Maintenance Checks AEDs perform self-tests and will audibly indicate any problems during routine checks. Regularly checking your AED ensures it remains in optimal working condition. Conclusion Understanding the warning signals and conducting regular maintenance checks are crucial for ensuring the readiness and reliability of your AED unit. Always consult the instruction manual or a professional for any troubleshooting or servicing needs. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/2533/AED_Troubleshooting-01.jpg Yes 255 https://www.promartialartsfirstaid.co.uk/training/instructors/video/nose-bleeds https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/832.mp4 Nose bleeds Dealing with Nosebleeds: Causes and Treatment 1. Common Occurrence Nosebleeds are a frequent occurrence in both children and adults. While they are typically easy to treat and often do not recur, they can be distressing for children and embarrassing for adults. Nosebleeds are usually caused by the close proximity of blood vessels to the skin in the nasal area, making them susceptible to damage from various factors. Possible Causes: Nosebleeds can result from factors such as inserting objects into the nose, stress, illness, physical impacts to the nose, or facial injuries. Caution: When addressing a nosebleed, exercise extreme care if you suspect a possible nasal fracture or external injuries. 2. First Aid for Nosebleeds Providing immediate care for someone experiencing a nosebleed is essential. Follow these steps: Sit Them Down: Have the individual sit down to avoid any accidents. Offer Comfort: If necessary, provide reassurance and help them stay calm. Forward Leaning Position: Instruct them to lean forward to prevent blood from flowing down the throat, which can lead to vomiting or nausea. Pinch the Nose: Ask them to pinch the soft part of their nose. This action applies pressure and aids in stopping the bleeding. Provide a Bowl: Offer a bowl to allow them to spit out the blood rather than swallowing it. Offer Tissues: If needed, provide tissues for use during the treatment. Apply Pressure: Advise them to maintain pressure on the nose for at least 10 minutes. Check for Bleeding: After 10 minutes, gently remove their fingers to check if the bleeding has ceased. Repeat if Necessary: If bleeding persists, repeat the pressure application for another 10 minutes. Seek Medical Assistance: If the bleeding persists beyond 30 minutes, it is advisable to seek medical attention. 3. Preventive Measures Ensure the person understands the following preventive measures: Refrain from: Advising them to avoid actions like sniffing, coughing, blowing their nose, or talking, as these activities can trigger bleeding and hinder the healing process. Regular Nosebleeds: If nosebleeds occur frequently, they may indicate an underlying issue. In such cases, consulting a doctor is recommended. It's worth noting that children who experience regular nosebleeds often outgrow them without requiring medical treatment. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/1449/Nose_bleeds-01.jpg Yes 107 https://www.promartialartsfirstaid.co.uk/training/instructors/video/joint-examination https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/2666.mp4 Joint examination Basic Examination of Joints: Understanding the Process Introduction Whether assessing a knee, ankle, or wrist, the basic examination of any joint follows a similar process. In this overview, we'll delve into the key steps involved in examining a wrist joint for potential injuries. Observation and Initial Assessment Before examining the joint's movement, it's essential to observe how the patient holds themselves and assess any visible signs of injury or discomfort. Posture Check: Observe the patient's posture and how they hold the affected area. Visible Signs: Look for deviations, swelling, bruising, or unusual positions. Sensory Examination: Assess for warmth, tenderness, and abnormal sensations around the joint. Movement Assessment Once the initial observation is complete, proceed with a gentle movement assessment to determine the extent of joint mobility and any pain points. Finger Movement: Begin with finger movement to assess overall hand functionality. Thumb and Wrist Examination: Gradually move to the thumb and wrist, observing for pain or discomfort. Identifying Pain Points: Gentle manipulation helps pinpoint areas of discomfort and potential injury. Additional Assessments In addition to movement evaluation, several other assessments aid in diagnosing joint injuries: Cap Refill Test: Check blood circulation by squeezing and releasing the fingertip to observe capillary refill time. Observation for Crepitus: Detect bone-on-bone movement or clicking sounds, indicating potential fractures or joint issues. Swelling Considerations: Assess for swelling and provide early intervention to prevent complications such as circulation issues or difficulty removing accessories like rings. Treatment Considerations Prioritize pain management and immobilization to ensure patient comfort and prevent further injury: Pain Relief: Administer pain relief as needed to alleviate discomfort before proceeding with examinations. Immobilization: Stabilize the joint appropriately before transferring the patient to a medical facility for further evaluation and treatment. Ring Removal Tip For tight-fitting rings, utilize a simple technique using oxygen mask elastic to aid in removal: Oxygen Mask Method: Gently feed oxygen mask elastic underneath the ring and twist to facilitate safe and easy removal without causing further discomfort. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/4763/Joint_examination-01.jpg Yes 346 https://www.promartialartsfirstaid.co.uk/training/instructors/video/scene-and-incident-management https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/655.mp4 Scene and Incident Management Managing Emergencies in Martial Arts Centres Understanding Safety Protocols Ensure the safety of everyone involved by following these key steps: Know the Rules: Familiarise yourself with any specific rules or regulations for managing accidents in your martial arts centre. Emergency Action Plan: Check if there's an existing emergency action plan and understand your role in executing it. Safety Briefing: Receive a thorough safety briefing upon arrival, including location of emergency exits, fire alarm procedures, and first aid resources. Information Sources: Refer to notices or information boards for additional specific instructions. Steps to Handle Emergencies Follow these structured steps to effectively manage emergencies: Stop: Pause and assess the situation to avoid rushing into potential dangers. Think: Evaluate the scene from different angles to identify hazards and necessary precautions. Wear gloves to protect against blood-borne pathogens. Act: Approach the patient cautiously, maintaining awareness of all potential risks throughout. Preventing Accidents Proactively Take proactive measures to minimise risks within the martial arts centre: Identify Hazards: Conduct regular assessments of the environment for hazards such as hanging equipment, trip hazards, and slippery surfaces. Follow Centre Rules: Adhere to rules regarding eating, drinking, and handling fitness equipment to prevent accidents. Stay Informed: Stay updated on potential dangers within the centre to enhance safety awareness during emergencies. By maintaining vigilance and familiarity with your surroundings, you can significantly reduce risks during emergencies in martial arts centres. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/1291/Scene_and_Incident_Management-01.jpg Yes 219 https://www.promartialartsfirstaid.co.uk/training/instructors/video/effective-cpr https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/1389.mp4 Effective CPR Understanding CPR: The Heart, Cardiac Arrest, and the Importance of Compressions Knowing how the heart functions and the impact of cardiac arrest is crucial for delivering effective CPR. You can keep blood circulating with proper compressions until a defibrillator becomes available. How the Heart Functions The heart's natural pacemaker, the Sinoatrial Node, sends regular electrical impulses from the top chamber (Atrium) to the bottom chamber (Ventricle). This process keeps the heart pumping blood. In cardiac arrest, this normal functioning is disrupted, often due to electrolyte imbalances, potassium interference, or heart-related issues. Cardiac Arrest and Ventricular Fibrillation During cardiac arrest, the heart's electrical pathways are disrupted, causing the heart to experience ventricular fibrillation or ventricular tachycardia. In this state, defibrillation is necessary to restore normal heart function. Effective CPR and Chest Compressions While waiting for an Automated External Defibrillator (AED), perform effective CPR: Push down 5-6cm at 100-120 beats per minute. Place hands in the centre of the chest. Maintain a straight posture and use body weight. Switch rescuers every two minutes for optimal CPR. Allow the chest to recoil fully between compressions. The Role of AEDs AEDs work by passing electricity through the heart, momentarily stunning it and allowing the heart's pacemaker to restore normal function. In cases of cardiac arrest due to a lack of oxygen, the AED may indicate that no shock is necessary. Continue CPR and monitor the patient until emergency services arrive. Remember: Anyone can perform CPR. The key is to maintain the correct rate and depth of compressions. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/2505/Effective__CPR-01.jpg Yes 357 https://www.promartialartsfirstaid.co.uk/training/instructors/video/adult-cpr-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/104.mp4 Adult CPR Adult Cardiac Arrest: Step-by-Step CPR and AED Guidance Adult cardiac arrest is a time-critical emergency, often caused by sudden cardiac arrhythmia, usually linked to underlying heart disease. Immediate action — calling for help, starting CPR, and using an AED — gives the best chance of survival. Step 1: Ensure the Scene Is Safe Before approaching the casualty, always ensure the area is safe for you and others. Look for hazards such as: Traffic Fire Electricity Broken glass or sharp objects If it's safe, approach the casualty. Step 2: Check for Response Gently shake their shoulders and ask: “Are you alright?” If there is no response, shout for help. If someone is nearby, ask them to: Call 999 immediately and put the phone on speaker Bring an AED if available If you are alone, call 999 on speakerphone so the emergency operator can guide you through CPR. Step 3: Check for Normal Breathing Next, you need to check for normal breathing: Open the airway with a head-tilt, chin-lift (place one hand on the forehead and two fingers under the chin, gently tilting the head back) Look into the mouth and remove any visible obstruction, but only if it can be easily seen and removed Look, listen, and feel for normal breathing for up to 10 seconds If the casualty is not breathing normally or only gasping, assume cardiac arrest and start CPR immediately. Step 4: Start CPR Without Delay Tell the 999 operator that the casualty is not breathing normally. The operator will dispatch an ambulance and guide you through CPR step-by-step. How to Perform Chest Compressions Kneel beside the casualty Place the heel of one hand on the centre of the chest, between the nipples Place your other hand on top, interlock your fingers, and keep your arms straight Press down firmly to a depth of 5–6 cm Release fully after each compression, allowing the chest to rise Continue compressions at a rate of 100–120 per minute (about two compressions per second) Tip: You can time compressions to the beat of a familiar song like “Stayin' Alive” or “Baby Shark”, both of which match the right rhythm. Step 5: Give Rescue Breaths After 30 compressions, give 2 rescue breaths: Re-open the airway with a head-tilt, chin-lift Pinch the nose closed and seal your mouth over theirs Blow steadily for about one second, watching for the chest to rise Allow the chest to fall before giving the second breath Return immediately to chest compressions. If you are unable or unwilling to give breaths, continue with chest compressions only — these are still highly effective and strongly recommended. Step 6: Use an AED as Soon as It Arrives When an AED arrives: Switch it on immediately and follow the spoken instructions Expose the chest and attach the pads as shown on the diagram: One pad just below the right collarbone One pad on the left side of the chest, below the armpit The AED will analyse the heart rhythm. Ensure no one is touching the casualty during this step. If a shock is advised, ensure everyone is clear, say “Stand clear,” and press the shock button. Immediately resume CPR after the shock, starting with chest compressions. If no shock is advised, continue CPR as before. Step 7: Continue Until Help Arrives Continue CPR until: The person starts breathing normally or shows signs of life, such as movement, eye opening, or coughing Emergency services arrive and take over You become physically exhausted If the Person Starts Breathing Normally If the person starts breathing normally: Stop compressions and place them in the recovery position Keep the airway open and the head slightly tilted back Monitor their breathing continuously until help arrives Key Points to Remember Call 999 immediately and use speakerphone Start CPR if the person is not breathing normally Perform 30 compressions to 2 breaths, compressing 5–6 cm at a rate of 100–120 per minute Use an AED as soon as possible and follow its voice instructions If you cannot give breaths, perform continuous chest compressions until help arrives Every second counts. Your quick actions can save a life. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/161/ADULT_CPR_2025.jpg Yes 273 https://www.promartialartsfirstaid.co.uk/training/instructors/video/three-steps-to-save-a-life https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/7078.mp4 Three Steps to Save a Life (2025) The Three Steps to Save a Life: A Simple Emergency Guide The Three Steps to Save a Life approach is an easy, effective method that anyone can use during an emergency. At the heart of the Resuscitation Council UK guidelines, this process shows that you do not need medical training to make a lifesaving difference. Step 1 – Check Check for Safety Before you approach the casualty, ensure the area is safe. Look for hazards such as: Traffic Electricity Fire or smoke Other environmental dangers Check Responsiveness Once it’s safe, assess whether the person can respond: Gently tap their shoulders Ask loudly, “Are you alright?” If they do not respond and appear unresponsive, move immediately to Step 2. Step 2 – Call Call 999 (or 112 in Europe) without delay. Put your phone on speaker to keep your hands free. The emergency operator will guide you step-by-step. Check Breathing With Guidance The dispatcher will help you assess for normal breathing. Look, listen, and feel for no more than 10 seconds. If the person is not breathing normally or is only gasping, tell the operator immediately. They will talk you through starting CPR. Step 3 – CPR and AED Start CPR Immediately If breathing is absent or abnormal: Place the heel of your hand in the centre of the chest Put your other hand on top Begin compressions at 100–120 per minute Press down about 5 cm each time Allow the chest to fully rise between compressions Use an AED if Available If an AED is nearby: Turn it on immediately Follow the voice prompts The device will tell you when to pause, stand clear, or resume compressions The emergency dispatcher will stay on the line and support you until professional help arrives. Why These Three Steps Matter Remember: Check • Call • Start CPR with an AED. These quick, simple actions can double or even triple a person’s chance of survival. You don’t need to be a doctor — just willing to act. Your hands, your phone, and your courage truly can save a life. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/12822/Three_Steps_to_Save_a_Life_2.jpg Yes 149 https://www.promartialartsfirstaid.co.uk/training/instructors/video/using-an-aed-on-an-adolescent https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/7116.mp4 Using an AED on an adolescent CPR and AED Use for an Unresponsive Adolescent (Ages 13–18) If you find an adolescent aged 13 to 18 years who is unresponsive and not breathing normally, the resuscitation approach is slightly different from that used for adults. Acting quickly and confidently can make a life-saving difference. What to Do First If the adolescent is unresponsive and not breathing normally: Call 999 immediately and ask for an ambulance. If you are unsure whether they are breathing normally, treat them as though they are not. Put your phone on speaker so the call handler can guide you. Start CPR Straight Away In adolescents, cardiac arrest is often linked to breathing problems. For this reason: Begin with five rescue breaths. Then start chest compressions. Chest Compressions Compress the chest to a depth of 5–6 cm. Allow the chest to fully recoil between compressions. Maintain a rate of 100–120 compressions per minute. Continue CPR using a ratio of 15 compressions to 2 rescue breaths. Do not stop CPR while someone is fetching an AED. Using an AED on an Adolescent Use an AED as soon as it arrives. Switch the AED on and follow the voice and visual prompts. If available, use a paediatric mode or paediatric pads, which reduce shock energy for smaller bodies. If paediatric settings are not available, use adult pads and settings. Never delay defibrillation. Correct Pad Placement Ensure the chest is bare and dry. Place one pad on the top right side of the chest. Place the other pad under the left armpit. This is the same pad placement used for adults. During AED Analysis and Shock When the AED says “Stand clear”, ensure no one is touching the adolescent. If a shock is advised, make sure everyone stays clear while it is delivered. Restart chest compressions immediately after the shock, or if no shock is advised. Continue CPR Until Professional help arrives and takes over, or The adolescent shows clear signs of life, or You are physically unable to continue. Key Safety Message AEDs are extremely safe to use on adolescents. They will only deliver a shock if it is needed. Early CPR and early defibrillation dramatically improve survival rates. The most important thing is to act quickly, confidently, and without delay. Your actions could save a young life. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/12894/Using_an_AED_on_an_adolescent.jpg Yes 143 https://www.promartialartsfirstaid.co.uk/training/instructors/video/improving-breaths-2015-guidelines https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/1951.mp4 Improving breaths Rescue Breaths and CPR: Guidelines and Alternatives Rescue breaths play a crucial role in CPR. They should be performed correctly and with proper techniques to maximise their effectiveness in saving lives. Proper Rescue Breath Technique CPR providers should: Give rescue breaths with an inflation duration of about 1 second. Provide sufficient volume to make the victim's chest rise. Avoid rapid or forceful breaths. Limit the time between compressions and breaths to no more than 10 seconds. Dealing with Obstructions If a breath doesn't go in: Check for obstructions in the mouth, but avoid blind finger sweeps. Re-open the airway and try again, but only attempt the recommended number of times. Alternative Breathing Methods Rescue breaths can also be delivered through: Mouth-to-nose ventilation: An acceptable alternative if the victim's mouth is injured, cannot be opened, or a seal is difficult to achieve, or if the victim is in water. Mouth-to-tracheostomy ventilation: Applicable for victims with a tracheostomy tube or tracheal stoma who require rescue breathing. Barrier Devices Barrier devices can help reduce bacteria transmission during rescue breathing. However, their effectiveness in clinical practice remains unknown. Resuscitation Council Recommendations The Resuscitation Council recommends that individuals trained in CPR should perform both rescue breaths and compressions whenever possible. This is particularly important for children, asphyxial cardiac arrest victims (e.g., drowning), and cases with delayed EMS response. Compression-only CPR should only be performed if rescuers are unable to give rescue breaths. The latest CPR guidelines are the 2021 UK and European Resuscitation Council guidelines. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/3515/Improving_breaths-01.jpg Yes 141 https://www.promartialartsfirstaid.co.uk/training/instructors/video/adrenaline-nasal-spray-for-anaphylaxis https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/7083.mp4 Adrenaline nasal spray for anaphylaxis MHRA Approves the First Needle-Free Adrenaline Nasal Spray for Anaphylaxis The Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) has approved a major new development in the treatment of severe allergic reactions. For the first time in the UK, a needle-free adrenaline nasal spray has been authorised for emergency use in cases of anaphylaxis — a sudden, severe, and potentially life-threatening allergic reaction. A New Alternative to Traditional Adrenaline Auto-Injectors Until now, adrenaline for anaphylaxis has always been delivered by injection, typically using auto-injectors such as the EpiPen. These devices are highly effective, but for some people — particularly those with a strong fear of needles or who struggle to administer an injection during a crisis — they can present challenges. The newly approved nasal spray provides a needle-free, single-dose, ready-to-use alternative. Administered through the nostril, the spray delivers adrenaline rapidly into the bloodstream via the nasal mucosa. Who Can Use It? The spray is approved for: Adults Children weighing 30 kg or more (typically around 10 years old and above) Nasal Spray vs Adrenaline Auto-Injectors The MHRA has emphasised that this new nasal spray does not replace traditional adrenaline auto-injectors. Adrenaline pens remain vital, effective, and life-saving tools. Anyone who currently carries an auto-injector must continue to do so. Instead, the nasal spray adds an additional safe and effective option — particularly helpful for situations where injections are difficult, delayed, or distressing. Key Points to Know The spray can be used even if the casualty has a blocked or congested nose. People at risk of anaphylaxis should always carry two doses, regardless of whether they use a spray or an auto-injector. Family members, friends, colleagues, and teachers should know how to recognise anaphylaxis and administer treatment. MHRA Approval and Safety The decision follows a detailed review of clinical evidence showing that the nasal spray delivers adrenaline safely and effectively. This innovation marks an important advancement, making emergency treatment more accessible and user-friendly for people living with severe allergies. What to Do in Suspected Anaphylaxis Regardless of the type of adrenaline used, the priorities remain unchanged: Recognise the symptoms quickly Administer adrenaline without delay Call 999 immediately Continue to monitor and support the casualty until emergency help arrives This new needle-free adrenaline spray represents a significant step forward in emergency allergy treatment — offering greater choice, improved accessibility, and a potentially easier way to deliver life-saving care when every second counts. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/12832/Adrenaline_nasal_spray_for_anaphylaxis.jpg Yes 152 https://www.promartialartsfirstaid.co.uk/training/instructors/video/adolescent-cpr https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/7110.mp4 Adolescent CPR How to Perform CPR on an Adolescent (13–18 Years) In this training film, we will cover how to perform CPR on an adolescent aged between 13 and 18 years. Although cardiac arrest in young people is less common than in adults, it can still occur due to breathing problems, traumatic injury, or sudden collapse. Delivering high-quality CPR is essential and can significantly improve their chance of survival. Initial Safety Checks Ensure the area is safe for both you and the adolescent before approaching. Gently shake their shoulder or tap it and call loudly: “Are you OK?” Calling for Help If they do not respond: Shout for help immediately. If you are alone, call 999 straight away, place the phone on speaker, and begin CPR without delay. The emergency call handler will guide you through the process. If someone else is available, ask them to call 999, put the phone on speaker if possible, and fetch an AED while you start CPR. Assessing Breathing Open the airway using the head-tilt, chin-lift manoeuvre. Look, listen, and feel for normal breathing for no more than 10 seconds. If the adolescent is not breathing or their breathing is abnormal (gasping or irregular), start CPR immediately. Rescue Breaths Matter In adolescents, cardiac arrest often relates to breathing difficulties or trauma, which means rescue breaths are especially important. Give 5 Initial Rescue Breaths Seal your mouth over theirs. Pinch the nose closed. Blow gently for one second per breath and watch for the chest rising. Chest Compressions Deliver 15 chest compressions immediately after the initial breaths. Place your hands in the centre of the chest, on the upper half of the sternum between the nipples. Push down to a depth of 5-6cm. Compress at a rate of 100–120 per minute. Allow the chest to fully recoil after each compression. Aim to minimise any interruptions. Continue the CPR Cycle After the initial breaths and compressions, continue CPR following this pattern: 15 compressions 2 rescue breaths Repeat this cycle until help arrives or the adolescent begins to show signs of recovery. Using an AED on an Adolescent If an AED is available, switch it on immediately, even if you are partway through a CPR cycle. Continue CPR while attaching the pads. Follow the AED’s voice prompts. Use adult pads if paediatric pads are not available. Pad placement for adolescents is the same as for adults. When to Stop CPR Continue CPR until one of the following occurs: The adolescent starts breathing normally or shows signs of life, such as moving, speaking, or opening their eyes. The emergency services arrive and take over. You become physically unable to continue—if so, try to pass CPR on to someone else. High-quality CPR can make a critical difference in an adolescent’s chance of survival. Acting quickly and confidently is key. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/12844/Adolescent_CPR.jpg Yes 168 https://www.promartialartsfirstaid.co.uk/training/instructors/video/adult-cpr-hand-over-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/105.mp4 CPR Hand Over Optimizing CPR Efforts: Sharing the Work and Guidelines 1. The Importance of Sharing CPR Efforts Providing CPR can be physically demanding and exhausting. To maintain effectiveness, consider sharing the work with another rescuer. Collaboration with another rescuer helps alleviate fatigue. CPR training is not essential for the second rescuer; instructions can be provided. 2. Coordinated CPR Assistance Efficiently coordinate CPR efforts with a second rescuer: The primary rescuer guides and demonstrates the required actions while performing chest compressions. During the breaths phase, the second rescuer prepares to immediately resume compressions once the breaths are completed. 3. Rotation Every Two Minutes Maintain CPR effectiveness through regular rotation: Consider swapping roles every two minutes to combat rescuer fatigue. If you have no additional assistance and become tired, focus on chest compressions, taking a break from breaths. 4. Staying Updated with CPR Guidelines Stay informed with the latest CPR guidelines: Adhere to the 2021 UK and European Resuscitation Council guidelines. Stay prepared for future updates and revisions. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/163/CPR_Hand_Over-01.jpg Yes 134 https://www.promartialartsfirstaid.co.uk/training/instructors/video/choking-treatment https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/666.mp4 Choking Treatment Responding to Choking Incidents: Step-by-Step Guide Identifying Choking Incidents Choking can occur anywhere, including martial arts settings or at home. Here’s how to identify and respond: Partial Obstruction: Person can cough, speak, or wheeze despite discomfort. Complete Obstruction: Person cannot breathe, may be unable to speak or cough, and is in danger of losing consciousness. Responding to Partial Obstructions If the person is coughing and able to breathe: Reassure them and encourage coughing to dislodge the object. Monitor closely; seek medical help if necessary. Dealing with Complete Obstructions If the person cannot breathe and is choking: Perform Back Blows: Lean them forward and deliver five sharp blows between the shoulder blades. Perform Abdominal Thrusts (Heimlich Manoeuvre): Place a fist above their belly button and thrust inwards and upwards up to five times. Repeat Sequence: Alternate between back blows and abdominal thrusts until the obstruction is cleared. Call Emergency Services: Call 999 immediately if the obstruction persists or if the person becomes unconscious. Always monitor the person closely and be prepared to perform CPR if they become unconscious. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/1307/Choking_Treatment-01.jpg Yes 290 https://www.promartialartsfirstaid.co.uk/training/instructors/video/compressions-only-cpr-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/106.mp4 Compressions Only CPR Adult Cardiac Arrest: Compression-Only CPR In this film, we will show you what to do if an adult suddenly collapses and is not breathing normally, following the latest Resuscitation Council UK guidelines using compression-only CPR. Even if you have never received CPR training, your actions can still save a life. The most important things are to act quickly, call 999, start chest compressions, and keep going until help arrives. Step 1: Check for Danger Before helping, make sure the area is safe for you and others. Look for hazards such as: Traffic Electricity Fire or smoke Broken glass or sharp objects If it is safe, approach the casualty. Step 2: Check for Response Gently shake the casualty’s shoulders and shout: “Are you OK?” If there is no response: Shout for help If someone is nearby, ask them to call 999, put the phone on speaker, and fetch an AED if one is available If you are on your own, call 999 on your mobile and put it on speakerphone so the call handler can guide you. Step 3: Check for Normal Breathing Gently tilt the head back and lift the chin to open the airway Look for normal breathing for up to 10 seconds Check whether the chest rises and falls normally If the person is not breathing normally, or is only gasping, treat this as cardiac arrest. Tell the 999 operator that the person is not breathing normally. An ambulance will be dispatched immediately. Step 4: Start Chest Compressions Begin chest compressions straight away. The call handler may say: “Place the heel of your hand in the centre of the chest, put your other hand on top, and push hard and fast.” How to Perform Chest Compressions Kneel beside the casualty Place the heel of one hand in the centre of the chest, between the nipples Place your other hand on top and keep your arms straight Push down hard and fast, to a depth of 5–6 cm Allow the chest to fully rise after each compression Continue at a rate of 100–120 compressions per minute (about two per second) You can keep time to the beat of a familiar song such as “Stayin’ Alive” or “Baby Shark”, which both match the correct rhythm. Keep Going Until Help Arrives Do not stop CPR unless: The person starts breathing normally or begins to move Emergency services arrive and take over You become physically exhausted Using an AED If an AED arrives: Switch it on immediately Follow the spoken instructions The AED will tell you when to stop compressions and when to restart If the Person Starts Breathing Normally If normal breathing returns: Stop chest compressions Carefully roll the person onto their side into the recovery position Keep the airway open with the head slightly tilted back Stay with them and monitor their breathing until help arrives Key Points to Remember Call 999 immediately and use speakerphone If the person is not breathing normally, start chest compressions straight away Compress the centre of the chest 5–6 cm deep Maintain a rate of 100–120 compressions per minute Use an AED as soon as possible and follow its instructions Even if you are untrained, doing something is always better than doing nothing Act fast, keep pushing, and do not stop. Your actions could save a life. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/165/ADULT_Compression_Only_CPR.jpg Yes 201 https://www.promartialartsfirstaid.co.uk/training/instructors/video/opening-the-airway-jaw-thrust https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/7079.mp4 Opening the airway Jaw Thrust How to Open the Airway Using the Jaw Thrust Technique In this film, we will explore how to safely open an airway using the Jaw Thrust technique. This method is particularly valuable when you suspect a neck or spinal injury, or when a head-tilt, chin-lift is not appropriate. Why the Jaw Thrust Is Needed When a person becomes unresponsive, the muscles that keep the airway open relax. As a result, the tongue can fall back and block the airway, preventing air from moving in and out of the lungs. Maintaining an open airway is therefore essential for survival. The Jaw Thrust is ideal when you must avoid moving the neck, such as: Falls Road traffic collisions Sporting injuries Any situation where spinal injury is suspected It is also useful during CPR when maintaining a neutral head position is important. If spinal injury is not a concern, the head-tilt, chin-lift remains the simpler and preferred method. Step-by-Step: Performing the Jaw Thrust Technique Position yourself correctly.Kneel at the top of the casualty’s head in the “over-the-head position”. Ensure the casualty is lying on their back on a firm surface. Stabilise your arms.Rest your elbows on the surface beside the casualty’s head for stability. Place your index and middle fingers behind the angle of the lower jaw, just below the ears. Lift the jaw.Using a firm but gentle motion, lift the lower jaw upwards and forwards—towards the ceiling. Ideally, the lower teeth should move in front of the upper teeth. This action pulls the tongue away from the airway. Avoid moving the neck.Do not tilt or extend the head. The goal is to open the airway while keeping the neck in a neutral position. Check for breathing.Look for chest movement, listen for breathing, and feel for air movement on your cheek for no more than 10 seconds. Swap if needed.The Jaw Thrust can be tiring to hold. If possible, swap with another trained rescuer to maintain an effective airway. What to Do Next If the person is breathing normally: Maintain the airway using the Jaw Thrust until help arrives, or Place the person in the recovery position if spinal injury has been ruled out If the person is NOT breathing normally: Keep the airway open Start CPR immediately Why the Jaw Thrust Matters The Jaw Thrust is a vital lifesaving skill that helps maintain oxygen flow to the brain and heart in a suspected spinal emergency. When every second counts, knowing how to open an airway safely can make a crucial difference. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/12824/Opening_the_airway_Jaw_Thrust.jpg Yes 153 https://www.promartialartsfirstaid.co.uk/training/instructors/video/cpr-and-the-female-casualty https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/7122.mp4 CPR and the female casualty CPR and the Female Casualty: What Every First Aider Needs to Know In this film, we are going to look at CPR and defibrillation for a female casualty. This is an extremely important topic, as women are statistically less likely to receive life-saving CPR or early defibrillation. Understanding why this happens helps us improve care and save more lives. Why Female Casualties Receive Less CPR Research shows that a female casualty is around 25% less likely to have an AED used compared with a male casualty. The most common reason is hesitation. People often feel uncomfortable about: Exposing the chest Touching the chest area Placing AED pads around breast tissue However, the guidelines are very clear: saving a life always comes first. CPR and defibrillation must never be delayed because of modesty, embarrassment, or fear of doing something wrong. Exposing the Chest Is Essential To perform effective CPR and use an AED correctly, the chest must be exposed. This may involve: Moving clothing out of the way Adjusting or lifting a bra Removing a bra entirely if necessary The latest guidance confirms that this is appropriate, lawful, and essential during resuscitation. Never allow clothing or underwear to interfere with AED pad placement. Your priority is restoring a normal heart rhythm, not preserving modesty. Updated AED Pad Placement for Female Casualties AED pad placement has been refined in the latest guidelines to improve the electrical pathway through the ventricles of the heart. Correct positioning is especially important when working around breast tissue. Key Principles for Pad Placement Avoid placing pads directly over breast tissue Ensure full contact between the pad and the skin Follow the latest recommended positions, even if the diagrams on the AED pads show older placements Correct Pad Positions Right-side pad: Place on the upper right chest as usual, adjusting slightly if needed to avoid breast tissue Left-side pad: Place higher and further to the side, under the left armpit along the mid-axillary line This positioning improves shock effectiveness and helps avoid breast tissue completely. Chest Compressions Are the Same for Everyone Chest compressions for a female casualty are performed exactly the same as for any adult. Place your hands in the centre of the chest Compress to a depth of 5–6 cm Maintain a rate of 100–120 compressions per minute Do not alter your technique because the casualty is female. Effective compressions are critical and must always take priority. Recognising Heart Problems in Women It is also important to understand that women may present differently when experiencing heart problems. Many women do not have the classic crushing chest pain associated with heart attacks. In fact, around 25% experience more subtle symptoms, such as: Jaw pain Nausea or vomiting Shortness of breath Unusual fatigue or discomfort These symptoms can lead to delays in calling for help, increasing the risk of cardiac arrest. The Key Message When a woman suffers a cardiac arrest, immediate CPR and early defibrillation are critical. Do not delay because of: Concerns about exposing the chest Uncertainty about AED pad placement Fear of embarrassment or doing something wrong Act quickly. Act confidently. Your decisive action could save a life and significantly improve the chance of recovery. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/12900/CPR_and_the_female_casualty.jpg Yes 210 https://www.promartialartsfirstaid.co.uk/training/video/introduction-to-martial-arts-first-aid https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/654.mp4 Course introduction Welcome to ProTrainings Martial Arts First Aid Online Course Thank you for choosing ProTrainings for your martial arts first aid training. Course Overview Throughout this course, you will have access to: Video Lessons: Watch a series of instructional videos. Interactive Quizzes: Answer non-trivial questions to test your understanding. Completion Test: Take a short final test to receive your certificate. Flexible Learning You can: Start and stop the course at your convenience. Watch videos on any device (computer, smartphone, or tablet). Pin videos for multitasking. View text explanations and subtitles for each topic covered. Access additional help if needed during quizzes. Course Benefits Upon passing the test: Receive a completion certificate and downloadable resources. Access course materials for eight months, even after completion. Explore additional resources and links on the course homepage. Support and Updates We offer: Regular course updates and new materials. Free company dashboards for workplace training solutions. Full support through email, phone, or online chat. Weekly email updates with new videos and blog news. Enjoy Your Course! We hope you find the course informative and enjoyable. Good luck with your training! Thank you for choosing ProTrainings. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/1289/Course_introduction-01.jpg Yes 126 https://www.promartialartsfirstaid.co.uk/training/video/post-incident-reporting https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/658.mp4 Post Incident Reporting Accident Reporting in Martial Arts Understanding the Importance of Accident Reporting Accident reporting is a crucial aspect of ensuring safety and preventing incidents in martial arts settings. Accident Reporting Procedures Depending on whether you are a participant or an instructor in a martial arts gym or facility, follow these procedures: Identify the location of the accident book and understand the accident reporting policies. Record any accidents, illnesses, or near misses promptly in the accident book. Routinely review accident reports to identify trends and prevent future incidents. Implement risk assessments and emergency plans as part of accident prevention. Completing Accident Report Sheets When involved in an accident or incident: Complete an accident report sheet, ensuring all details are accurate and comprehensive. Multiple copies of the report may be required for different stakeholders. Follow specific guidelines set by the martial arts centre or gym for reporting procedures. Legal Considerations Accident reporting may have legal implications: Ensure all accidents are recorded in compliance with legal requirements. Understand the legal responsibilities of instructors, participants, and facility owners. Accident reporting plays a vital role in preventing future incidents and maintaining safety standards within martial arts environments. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/1339/Post_Incident_Reporting-01.jpg Yes 119 https://www.promartialartsfirstaid.co.uk/training/video/heart-attack-care https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/667.mp4 Heart Attack Care Heart Attack Care Understanding Heart Attacks Definition: A heart attack occurs when there is a partial or complete blockage of blood flow to the heart. Cause: Reasons include heart deformities, issues with electrical pacemakers, or blockages due to cholesterol. Symptoms: Varies based on blockage location, often causing severe pain and potential heart function impairment. Immediate Care Steps Prompt Action: Time is critical; immediate care can prevent worsening or progression to cardiac arrest. Positioning: Guide the person into the W position, seated with legs raised, leaning against support to ease strain on the heart. Avoid: Do not lay them flat with elevated legs as this increases blood flow around the heart, worsening the condition. Administering Aspirin Aspirin Use: Helps to thin blood and potentially alleviate blockage; give one 300-milligram tablet if available. Administration: Instruct them to chew the tablet for quicker absorption rather than swallowing whole. Consultation: Always verify with emergency services if aspirin is suitable based on the individual's medical history. Communication: Use hands-free mode to talk to emergency services while attending to the patient. For comprehensive training on managing heart attacks and other medical emergencies, contact us today. Thank you for choosing ProTrainings. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/1301/Heart_Attack_Care-01.jpg Yes 248 https://www.promartialartsfirstaid.co.uk/training/video/recovery-position-and-care-of-the-patient https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/668.mp4 Recovery Position and Care of the Patient First Aid for Unconscious Individuals Initial Assessment and Approach Follow these steps when encountering an unconscious person: Ensure Safety: Assess the scene for any immediate dangers before approaching. Introduction: Introduce yourself calmly to the patient to assess responsiveness. Assessment Process: Use the approach of "stop, think, act" to determine the next steps. Checking for Breathing Verify if the patient is breathing: Open the Airway: Gently tilt the head back to clear any airway obstructions like the tongue. Listen and Observe: Place your ear near the patient's nose and mouth to listen for breathing sounds for up to 10 seconds. Identify Normal Breathing: Ensure the breathing is regular and not gasping, which could indicate agonal breathing. Placing in the Recovery Position Move the unconscious person into a safe position: Positioning: Lay the person on their side with their head supported and airway clear. Step-by-Step: Follow these steps to place them correctly: Prop one leg up to stabilize. Support the head with one hand while pulling the knee towards you with the other. Ensure the airway remains open and secure the position with their hand tucked under their cheek. Monitoring: Stay with the person, monitor their breathing, and keep them warm until help arrives. By following these steps, you can effectively manage an unconscious individual while awaiting medical assistance. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/1299/Recovery_Position_and_Care_of_the_Patient-01.jpg Yes 354 https://www.promartialartsfirstaid.co.uk/training/video/managing-pre-existing-conditions https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/656.mp4 Managing Pre-Existing Conditions Medical Declarations in Martial Arts Training Importance of Medical Declarations Ensuring safety and appropriate training adaptations for individuals with medical conditions: Participant Responsibilities: Inform the martial arts centre of any existing medical conditions during registration. Form Completion: Fill out medical declaration forms accurately and comprehensively. Instructor Awareness: Instructors must be aware of participants' medical conditions to provide appropriate support. Managing Medical Conditions Guidelines for instructors and participants to handle medical conditions effectively: Individual Assessment: Discuss medical conditions privately with instructors to determine necessary adaptations. Form Updates: Regularly review and update medical declaration forms to reflect any changes in health or emergency contact details. Data Protection: Ensure all medical records are stored securely in compliance with Data Protection regulations. Continuous Review and Communication Maintaining up-to-date and accurate information for participant safety: Regular Reviews: Review medical forms every six months or as required by martial arts association guidelines. Open Communication: Participants should openly communicate any health concerns or changes in emergency contact details to the martial arts centre. By adhering to these practices, both instructors and participants can ensure a safe and supportive training environment in martial arts. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/1295/Managing_Pre-Existing_Conditions-01.jpg Yes 194 https://www.promartialartsfirstaid.co.uk/training/video/head-injuries-and-treatment https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/663.mp4 Head Injuries and Treatment Head Injuries: Symptoms, First Aid, and Emergency Response Understanding Head Injuries Head injuries can vary from minor cuts and bruises to serious brain trauma. The brain's enclosed space in the skull means any swelling or bleeding can cause significant pressure on vital brain functions. Symptoms of Head Injuries Feeling sick or nausea Vomiting Dizziness, ranging from mild to severe Changes in mental state or behaviour Visible signs like blood or fluid from ears or nose First Aid for Head Injuries If someone has sustained a head injury, follow these steps: Immediate Actions Assess the situation and keep calm. Keep the person's head and shoulders elevated. Monitor their symptoms closely. Do not leave them alone, especially if symptoms worsen over time. When to Seek Medical Help Head injuries should be evaluated by medical professionals, especially if: Severe symptoms persist such as intense headache or persistent dizziness. There are visible signs of fluid drainage from ears or nose. Personality changes or behavioural differences are noticed. Post-Injury Monitoring Monitor the person for up to 48 hours after the injury for any worsening symptoms or signs of complications. Emergency Response and Further Care Activate emergency services promptly. Medical professionals will assess the severity of the head injury and provide necessary care and monitoring. It's crucial to maintain warmth and comfort for the injured person while awaiting medical assistance. Remember, any significant changes or new symptoms should prompt immediate re-evaluation by medical professionals. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/1325/Head_Injuries_and_Treatment-01.jpg Yes 192 https://www.promartialartsfirstaid.co.uk/training/video/cuts-and-bleeding-control https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/662.mp4 Cuts and Bleeding Control Managing Cuts and Serious Bleeding: First Aid Guide Understanding Types of Bleeding Before addressing cuts, it's important to understand how blood circulates through the body. This includes differentiating between arterial and capillary bleeding. Arterial Bleeding If an artery is cut, blood spurts or pulses and is bright red due to high oxygen content. Capillary Bleeding Capillary cuts result in oozing blood, often with a darker colour, as blood returns to the heart without pulsation. Dealing with Serious Bleeding When faced with a serious cut or bleeding, immediate action is crucial. Initial Steps Assess the Scene: Ensure safety for both yourself and the injured person. Prepare: Wear gloves and retrieve your first aid kit. Applying Pressure Dressing Direct Pressure: Press firmly on the wound to reduce blood flow. Elevate the Wound: Raise the affected area to reduce blood pressure. Apply Dressing: Place a sterile pad over the wound, wrapping towards the heart to avoid trapping blood in the extremities. Secure: Tie the bandage away from the wound site, ensuring it's firm but not constricting circulation. Monitoring and Reassessment Check the dressing for any signs of continued bleeding. If bleeding persists, apply additional dressings. Signs of Shock Watch for symptoms such as nausea, dizziness, or weakness, which could indicate shock. If present, take immediate action: Lay the person down Elevate their legs Keep them warm Call emergency services Perform a capillary refill check to ensure circulation is not compromised. When to Seek Medical Assistance If bleeding is severe or persists despite first aid, seek immediate medical attention. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/1327/Cuts_and_Bleeding_Control-01.jpg Yes 295 https://www.promartialartsfirstaid.co.uk/training/video/sprains-strains-and-rice-procedure https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/665.mp4 Sprains, Strains and RICE Procedure First Aid for Strains, Sprains, and Muscle Tears Understanding Common Injuries Strains, sprains, and muscle tears are common injuries resulting from falls or sudden movements. Strain A strain occurs when a muscle or tendon is overstretched or torn, causing bruising, swelling, and pain. Sprain A sprain involves the stretching or tearing of a ligament, often seen in joints like the ankle due to sudden twisting motions. Muscle Tear Muscle tears, such as hamstring injuries, involve the tearing of muscle fibres, leading to severe pain and swelling. First Aid Protocol: RICE Method The RICE method is effective for treating strains, sprains, and muscle tears: R - Rest Sit or lay the person in a comfortable position, supporting the injured limb. Keep the limb still to prevent further damage. I - Ice Apply an ice pack or cold compress wrapped in cloth to the injured area. Do not place ice directly on the skin to avoid burns; use a barrier like cloth or bandage. C - Comfortable Support Wrap the injured area with soft padding and secure it with a conforming or crepe bandage. Ensure the bandage is snug but not too tight; check circulation every 10 minutes. E - Elevate Elevate the injured limb above heart level on pillows or cushions to reduce swelling. Handling the Patient Consider the following when determining whether to move the patient: If the injury is to the wrist or arm, a horizontal sling may be used to assist in moving the patient. If the injury affects the leg or ankle, avoid moving the patient unless absolutely necessary. If movement is required, ensure to support the injured limb and avoid placing weight on it. Monitor the patient for signs of pain, faintness, or worsening symptoms. By following these guidelines, you can effectively provide immediate care for strains, sprains, and muscle tears until professional medical help arrives. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/1331/Sprains__Strains_and_RICE_Procedure-01.jpg Yes 216 https://www.promartialartsfirstaid.co.uk/training/video/allergic-reactions-and-anaphylaxis https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/670.mp4 Allergic Reactions and Anaphylaxis Allergic Reactions and Anaphylaxis: First Aid Guide Understanding Allergic Reactions Minor allergic reactions are typically non-life-threatening and can include local reactions to stings or mild food sensitivities that do not affect breathing. Treatments may involve antihistamine creams or remedies for stomach upset symptoms. Anaphylaxis: A Severe Allergic Reaction Anaphylaxis is a severe allergic reaction that can be triggered by allergens such as bee stings, certain foods (e.g., peanuts), or medications. The reaction can cause rapid swelling of the throat, difficulty breathing, and a red, flushed face, requiring immediate medical attention. Response to Anaphylaxis If an anaphylactic reaction occurs, immediately call emergency services (999 in the UK). Administer an auto-injector containing adrenaline if the patient has one. Sit the patient down if feeling nauseous, or lay them down if dizzy, to assist with auto-injection. Using Auto-Injectors Types of Auto-Injectors There are three main types of auto-injectors available: Jext: Remove cap, place against thigh, push to inject, hold for 10 seconds, then rub injection site. EpiPen: Remove cap, swing and press against thigh, hold for 3 seconds; no need to rub. Emerade: Remove cap, place on thigh, push to inject, hold for 5 seconds, then rub injection site. Ensure used auto-injectors are given to paramedics for proper disposal and follow-up care. Second Injection Consideration If symptoms persist or worsen after the first dose, a second auto-injector may be necessary under medical guidance. By following these steps, you can effectively manage and respond to allergic reactions and anaphylaxis emergencies. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/1329/Allergic_Reactions_and_Anaphylaxis-01.jpg Yes 188 https://www.promartialartsfirstaid.co.uk/training/video/scene-and-incident-management https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/655.mp4 Scene and Incident Management Managing Emergencies in Martial Arts Centres Understanding Safety Protocols Ensure the safety of everyone involved by following these key steps: Know the Rules: Familiarise yourself with any specific rules or regulations for managing accidents in your martial arts centre. Emergency Action Plan: Check if there's an existing emergency action plan and understand your role in executing it. Safety Briefing: Receive a thorough safety briefing upon arrival, including location of emergency exits, fire alarm procedures, and first aid resources. Information Sources: Refer to notices or information boards for additional specific instructions. Steps to Handle Emergencies Follow these structured steps to effectively manage emergencies: Stop: Pause and assess the situation to avoid rushing into potential dangers. Think: Evaluate the scene from different angles to identify hazards and necessary precautions. Wear gloves to protect against blood-borne pathogens. Act: Approach the patient cautiously, maintaining awareness of all potential risks throughout. Preventing Accidents Proactively Take proactive measures to minimise risks within the martial arts centre: Identify Hazards: Conduct regular assessments of the environment for hazards such as hanging equipment, trip hazards, and slippery surfaces. Follow Centre Rules: Adhere to rules regarding eating, drinking, and handling fitness equipment to prevent accidents. Stay Informed: Stay updated on potential dangers within the centre to enhance safety awareness during emergencies. By maintaining vigilance and familiarity with your surroundings, you can significantly reduce risks during emergencies in martial arts centres. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/1291/Scene_and_Incident_Management-01.jpg Yes 219 https://www.promartialartsfirstaid.co.uk/training/video/eye-injuries-martial-arts https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/661.mp4 Eye injuries Managing Eye Injuries: First Aid Guide Types of Eye Injuries Eye injuries can range from cuts and impact injuries to foreign objects and chemical exposures. Dealing with Chemicals and Foreign Objects Chemical Exposure: If a chemical enters the eye, immediately flush it out using a saline solution, eyewash station, or clean water. Ensure to wash away from the unaffected eye and flush for at least 20 minutes. Provide emergency services with details of the chemical. Foreign Objects: Small particles like grit or dirt can be blinked out or carefully removed using a sterile dressing or tissue. Avoid rubbing the eye. Handling Cuts and Impact Injuries Cuts Near the Eye: Apply a sterile eye pad dressing. Reassure the patient and help them stay calm to alleviate anxiety. Protecting the Eye: Avoid covering the patient's ears with the dressing to maintain their hearing alongside their impaired vision. Special Considerations Eye Movement Risks: If movement could worsen the injury (e.g., foreign object in the eye), instruct the patient to cup their hands over their eyes to prevent movement. Transport and Care: When moving a patient with an eye injury, keep them calm and reassure them. Avoid touching or rubbing the eye. When to Seek Medical Help According to NHS guidelines, seek immediate medical attention if: A strong chemical (e.g., oven cleaner) enters the eye A sharp object penetrates the eye An object strikes the eye at high speed (e.g., power tool) Changes in vision or eye appearance after injury Headache, high temperature, sensitivity to light, nausea, or vomiting Inability to move or keep the eye open Blood or pus coming from the eye Follow these guidelines to provide effective first aid for various eye injuries until medical help arrives. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/1309/Eye_injuries-01.jpg Yes 206 https://www.promartialartsfirstaid.co.uk/training/video/epilepsy-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/117.mp4 Epilepsy Epilepsy: Understanding Recurrent Seizures Defining Epilepsy Epilepsy is presently described as a propensity for recurrent seizures, which are triggered by sudden bursts of excessive electrical activity within the brain. This surge disrupts normal communication between brain cells, leading to interruptions or mix-ups in the brain's messaging. The Impact of Seizures The effects of a seizure are contingent on the origin and spread of epileptic activity in the brain. As the brain governs all bodily functions, the experience during a seizure varies depending on these factors, resulting in numerous seizure types. Seizures aren't exclusive to epilepsy; they can arise from diverse causes like head injuries, low blood glucose in diabetics, or alcohol poisoning. Key Facts About Epilepsy Epilepsy: A tendency for recurrent seizures. Seizure Types: Approximately 40 different types exist, and individuals may experience more than one. Wide Impact: Affects people of all ages and backgrounds. UK Prevalence: 1 in 131 people (456,000 individuals). Treatment Potential: 70 percent could achieve seizure freedom with suitable treatment. Single Seizures: 1 in 20 people may have a single seizure during their life. Outgrowing Epilepsy: Many who develop epilepsy as children may "grow out of it" in adulthood. Driving License: In the UK, those seizure-free for a year can reapply for a driving license. SUDEP: Sudden Unexpected Death in Epilepsy accounts for 500 UK deaths annually. Pregnancy: 2,500 women with epilepsy in the UK have a baby each year. Understanding Seizures Identifying a seizure involves observing key indicators: Sudden Loss of Responsiveness Rigid Body with Arched Back Noisy, Difficult Breathing Convulsions Possible Loss of Bladder Control Post-Seizure Deep Sleep A typical description of a tonic-clonic seizure, the most common generalised seizure type: Tonic Phase: Involves body rigidity, loss of consciousness, and chest muscle contractions. Clonic Phase: Characterized by repetitive muscle contractions and body shaking. Following a seizure, regaining consciousness may vary, accompanied by confusion and muscle soreness. Headaches and fatigue are common, prompting a desire to sleep. Some individuals experience warning symptoms called auras before seizures, manifesting as peculiar movements, sensations, or intense emotions. However, seizures often occur without warning. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/187/Epilepsy-01.jpg Yes 193 https://www.promartialartsfirstaid.co.uk/training/video/general-fitness https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/744.mp4 General Fitness Preventive Measures in Martial Arts Training Importance of Preventive Care Enhance performance and reduce injury risks with these essential practices: Warm-Up Exercises: Perform appropriate warm-up routines to prevent muscular, tendon, or ligament injuries. Cardiovascular Readiness: Increase cardiovascular fitness to perform martial arts at peak levels. Guidance from Instructors: Seek guidance from instructors on suitable warm-up exercises tailored to your martial arts discipline. Nutrition for Martial Arts Optimize performance with proper nutrition: Balanced Diet: Ensure a balanced diet suitable for varying exercise intensities. Expert Advice: Consult martial arts associations and medical resources for nutritional guidance. Hydration Tips Maintain hydration levels for optimal performance: Importance of Hydration: Stay adequately hydrated to avoid fatigue and performance decline. Specialized Hydration: Consider hydration powders or supplements for specific sports and intense training sessions. In summary, prioritise a proper warm-up and cool-down routine, maintain a balanced diet, hydrate effectively, and seek expert advice when needed to enhance your martial arts training. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/1297/General_Fitness-01.jpg Yes 143 https://www.promartialartsfirstaid.co.uk/training/video/spinal-injury-martial-arts https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/754.mp4 Spinal Injury Management Managing Back Injuries: First Aid and Precautions Understanding Back Injuries Back injuries, particularly those involving the spine, require careful handling as they can lead to serious consequences such as paralysis or loss of function. Impact on Spinal Cord The spine houses the delicate spinal cord, which, unlike bones, cannot repair itself if damaged. Injuries to the spinal cord can result in long-term disabilities. Key Considerations Location of Injury: Lower back injuries (lumbar region) can cause paralysis or sensory issues in the lower body. Upper back injuries may affect vital functions like breathing. Initial Response: If someone falls or sustains a back injury, it's crucial to prevent movement to avoid exacerbating spinal damage. First Aid Protocol Follow these steps if someone has a suspected back injury: Immediate Actions Stabilize the head and neck to prevent movement. Keep the person calm and reassure them. If necessary, gently adjust the head to a neutral position. When Movement is Necessary Only move the person if: They are not breathing and CPR is required. There is immediate danger such as fire or imminent collapse. Ensuring Safety Keep the scene secure and call emergency services. Avoid unnecessary movement to prevent further injury. Provide warmth with blankets to maintain body temperature. Medical Response and Further Care Paramedics will immobilize the person on a spinal board for transport to the hospital where further evaluation and X-rays will confirm the extent of the injury. Assumption of Injury Until proven otherwise by medical professionals, treat all suspected back injuries as serious spinal injuries to ensure the person's safety. By following these guidelines, you can minimize the risk of aggravating spinal injuries and provide effective initial care. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/1333/Spinal_Injury_Management-01.jpg Yes 211 https://www.promartialartsfirstaid.co.uk/training/video/fractures-dislocations https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/755.mp4 Fractures and Dislocations Understanding Fractures and Dislocations: First Aid and Treatment Types of Bone Injuries Fractures: These are cracks or breaks in bones. Closed Fractures: Bones are completely broken but do not puncture the skin. Compound Fractures: Bones puncture through the skin's surface. Complicated Fractures: Nerve damage may also occur. Dislocations: Occur when a joint is forcibly separated. Causes of Bone Injuries Bone fractures can result from various causes, such as falls, impacts, joint injuries, or crushing forces. The severity of a fracture may vary, and hospital assessment is often necessary for confirmation. Recognizing Bone Fractures Common Signs and Symptoms: Pain: Severe discomfort typically accompanies fractures. Deformity: Visible misalignment or abnormal shape of the affected area. Bruising and Swelling: Surrounding tissues may show signs of injury. Mobility Issues: Difficulty moving the injured limb or joint. The specific indicators depend on the location and type of fracture. Types of Fractures Categorizing Bone Fractures: Closed Fractures: Bones may have small cracks or be entirely broken without skin penetration. Stable Fractures: Bone ends remain in place and do not shift; common in areas like the shoulder, wrist, ankle, or hip. Unstable Fractures: Bone ends may shift, requiring careful immobilization to prevent further damage. Open Fractures: Bones protrude through the skin, often causing additional complications like severe bleeding. Treatment and First Aid Immediate Response: Immobilisation: Keep the limb or joint in its found position to minimize pain and damage. Seek Professional Help: Contact medical professionals promptly for appropriate diagnosis and treatment. Note: Open fractures may lead to excessive bleeding and emotional distress, requiring specialized care. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/1335/Fractures_and_Dislocations-01.jpg Yes 188 https://www.promartialartsfirstaid.co.uk/training/video/fainting-martial-arts https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/753.mp4 Fainting Fainting in Martial Arts: Causes and First Aid Understanding Fainting Fainting, also known as syncope, is a common occurrence in martial arts due to a temporary lack of oxygen to the brain, resembling mild shock. During intense martial arts activities, such as training sessions, the body's oxygen demand may exceed supply, leading to a fainting episode. Causes of Fainting in Martial Arts Intense physical exertion can lead to decreased oxygen levels in the brain. Sudden changes in body position, such as standing still after vigorous activity, can trigger fainting. Dehydration or inadequate fluid intake during training sessions. Heat exhaustion or overheating in poorly ventilated environments. First Aid for Fainting Episodes When someone faints in a martial arts setting, follow these steps: 1. Positioning the Patient Immediately lay the person flat on their back. Elevate their legs 12 to 18 inches (30 to 45 centimetres) to improve blood flow back to the brain. 2. Reassure and Monitor Stay with the patient and reassure them as they regain consciousness. Encourage slow, gentle movements once they are fully awake to prevent another fainting spell. 3. Prevention in Martial Arts Classes Take proactive measures to prevent fainting: Monitor participants throughout and after training sessions. Encourage adequate hydration before, during, and after workouts. Allow for gradual cooling down and relaxation after intense activities. Be aware of individuals who may be susceptible to fainting, especially towards the end of classes. By understanding the causes and taking appropriate first aid measures, martial arts instructors can effectively manage fainting episodes and ensure participant safety. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/1323/Fainting-01.jpg Yes 113 https://www.promartialartsfirstaid.co.uk/training/video/course-summary- https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/4803.mp4 Course Summary Completing Your Course and Taking the Test with ProTrainings Congratulations on completing your course! Before taking the test, review the student resources section and refresh your skills. Student Resources Section Free student manual: Download your manual and other resources. Additional links: Find helpful websites to support your training. Eight-month access: Revisit the course and view any new videos added. Preparing for the Course Test Before starting the test, you can: Review the videos Read through documents and links in the student resources section Course Test Guidelines No time limit: Take the test at your own pace, but complete it in one sitting. Question format: Choose from four answers or true/false questions. Adaptive testing: Unique questions for each student, with required section passes. Retake option: Review materials and retake the test if needed. After Passing the Test Once you pass the test, you can: Print your completion certificate Print your Certified CPD statement Print the evidence-based learning statement Additional ProTrainings Courses ProTrainings offers: Over 350 courses at regional training centres or your workplace Remote virtual courses with live instructors Over 300 video online and blended courses Contact us at 01206 805359 or email support@protrainings.uk for assistance or group training solutions. Thank you for choosing ProTrainings and good luck with your test! https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/8553/Course_Summary-01.jpg Yes 127 https://www.promartialartsfirstaid.co.uk/training/video/effective-cpr https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/1389.mp4 Effective CPR Understanding CPR: The Heart, Cardiac Arrest, and the Importance of Compressions Knowing how the heart functions and the impact of cardiac arrest is crucial for delivering effective CPR. You can keep blood circulating with proper compressions until a defibrillator becomes available. How the Heart Functions The heart's natural pacemaker, the Sinoatrial Node, sends regular electrical impulses from the top chamber (Atrium) to the bottom chamber (Ventricle). This process keeps the heart pumping blood. In cardiac arrest, this normal functioning is disrupted, often due to electrolyte imbalances, potassium interference, or heart-related issues. Cardiac Arrest and Ventricular Fibrillation During cardiac arrest, the heart's electrical pathways are disrupted, causing the heart to experience ventricular fibrillation or ventricular tachycardia. In this state, defibrillation is necessary to restore normal heart function. Effective CPR and Chest Compressions While waiting for an Automated External Defibrillator (AED), perform effective CPR: Push down 5-6cm at 100-120 beats per minute. Place hands in the centre of the chest. Maintain a straight posture and use body weight. Switch rescuers every two minutes for optimal CPR. Allow the chest to recoil fully between compressions. The Role of AEDs AEDs work by passing electricity through the heart, momentarily stunning it and allowing the heart's pacemaker to restore normal function. In cases of cardiac arrest due to a lack of oxygen, the AED may indicate that no shock is necessary. Continue CPR and monitor the patient until emergency services arrive. Remember: Anyone can perform CPR. The key is to maintain the correct rate and depth of compressions. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/2505/Effective__CPR-01.jpg Yes 357 https://www.promartialartsfirstaid.co.uk/training/video/martial-arts-first-aid https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/1985.mp4 Course overview to martial arts first aid Course Overview Training Categories Discover the structured categories and topics covered in this online first aid training. Course Structure: The course is categorised into several sections, each containing multiple instructional videos. Pause and Review: You have the flexibility to pause and re-watch any video throughout the course. Regular Updates: We continuously update the course content, providing replacements and new videos as they become available. Support Options: Contact us via phone, email, or our online chat for any questions during your course. Course Content Overview Get an outline of the topics covered in each section of the course: Section 1: Seeing and Incident Management, Fears and Barriers to First Aid, General Fitness, Activating the EMS Section 2: Recovery Position, Heart Attack, Basic CPR, Choking Treatment Section 3: Effective CPR, Improving Compressions and Breaths Section 4: Eye Injuries, External Bleeding, Head Injuries, Strains and Sprains Section 5: Spinal and Dental Injuries, Post-Incident Reporting Start your training today and gain essential knowledge in first aid. Contact us if you have any queries or need assistance! https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/3965/Course_Overview-01.jpg Yes 74 https://www.promartialartsfirstaid.co.uk/training/video/asthma-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/185.mp4 Asthma Asthma: Symptoms, Treatment, and First Aid Understanding Asthma Learn about the common yet often underestimated life-threatening condition. Asthma Basics: Explore the intermittent, reversible airway obstructions characterizing asthma. Airway Impact: Understand how asthma affects the airways and triggers. Severity Spectrum: Discover the varying levels of asthma, from mild to fatal. Asthma Statistics: Get insights into the prevalence and impact of asthma in the UK. Recognizing Asthma Attacks Identify the signs and symptoms of asthma attacks, from moderate to life-threatening. Moderate Attack: Understand symptoms like breathing difficulties, coughing, and anxiety. Severe Attack: Learn about the need for professional help, nebulisers, and steroids. Life-Threatening Signs: Recognize indicators like altered consciousness, cyanosis, and more. Immediate Action: Know the importance of calling EMS when severe symptoms arise. Managing Asthma Discover how asthma sufferers can effectively manage their condition and the role of medication. Asthma Medications: Learn about preventive and treatment inhalers. Inhaler Usage: Understand how to correctly use an inhaler. Support During an Attack: Provide reassurance and assistance during an asthma attack. First-Time Attack: Recognize when a first-time asthma attack requires immediate medical attention. First Aid Guidelines: Follow first aid steps suitable for both adults and children. Informing Parents and Recording Ensure proper communication and documentation when dealing with a child's asthma attack. Parental Notification: Inform parents if a child experiences an asthma attack under your care. Record Keeping: Document asthma cases in an accident book, especially in a work setting. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/321/Asthma-01.jpg Yes 346 https://www.promartialartsfirstaid.co.uk/training/video/epilepsy-treatment https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/2428.mp4 Epilepsy treatment Epilepsy and Seizure First Aid Understanding Epilepsy Epilepsy is a condition characterised by a propensity for recurrent, unprovoked convulsions, commonly referred to as seizures. Treatment approaches are generally consistent across most types of epilepsy. Dealing with Seizures Witnessing a seizure can be distressing, but as a first aider, your assistance is crucial. Follow these important steps: Protect: Safeguard the individual from harm by clearing the vicinity of dangerous objects. Cushion: Provide head support to prevent head injury. Time: Take note of the seizure's start and end times. Identification: Check for epilepsy identity cards or jewellery. Recovery Position: After the seizure, gently place them in the recovery position to aid breathing. Reassure: Offer calm reassurance throughout the process. Stay: Remain with the person until they fully recover. No Restraint: Avoid restraining or moving the person. Avoid Mouth Contact: Do not insert anything into the person's mouth. Minimize Movement: Only move them if there's imminent danger. No Food or Drink: Refrain from giving them food or drink until they are fully recovered. Avoid Waking: Do not attempt to rouse them. Monitoring and When to Call an Ambulance For all epilepsy types, continue monitoring the patient's breathing and pulse. Call for an ambulance under the following circumstances: First Seizure: It's their initial seizure. Long Duration: The seizure lasts longer than five minutes. Consecutive Seizures: Tonic-clonic seizures occur successively without consciousness recovery. Injury: The person sustains an injury during the seizure. Perceived Urgency: You believe immediate medical attention is necessary. In the rare event that the person stops breathing, activate Emergency Medical Services (EMS) and initiate CPR. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/4625/Epilepsy_treatment-01.jpg Yes 158 https://www.promartialartsfirstaid.co.uk/training/video/what-are-common-martial-arts-injuries https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/4102.mp4 What are common martial arts injuries? Martial Arts Injuries: Common Types and Precautions Overview of Martial Arts Injuries Martial arts often involve various types of injuries, ranging from minor strains to more serious impacts. Common Injuries in Martial Arts Participants in martial arts, such as boxing and similar sports, typically encounter: Strains and Sprains: Overstretching and over-kicking can lead to these common injuries. Fractures and Dislocations: Occasional incidents due to impacts during training. Cardiac Issues: Increased heart rate can sometimes lead to cardiac arrest or chest pains. Protection and Training Despite the risks, martial artists are usually well-prepared: They use appropriate protective equipment. They undergo training to handle impacts and prevent injuries. However, common injuries still include dislocated joints like fingers and knees, often from kicks or throws. Precautions and Safety Measures Proper flooring and preparation minimise severe injuries: Ensure proper preparation of training areas. Adopt safety protocols to reduce injury risks. Overall, while martial arts can lead to injuries, proper precautions and training mitigate many risks associated with these sports. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/7341/What_are_common_martial_arts_injuries-01.jpg Yes 80 https://www.promartialartsfirstaid.co.uk/training/video/stabilising-the-spine https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/5424.mp4 Stabilising the spine How to Immobilize a Suspected Spinal Injury Understanding the Importance Recognizing the significance of immobilizing the head in cases of suspected spinal injury is crucial. Any motion at this stage could potentially harm the spinal cord, resulting in life-altering disabilities or even fatality. Spinal injuries can arise from various incidents, including car accidents and falls. In this scenario, we will focus on addressing a potential spinal injury occurring on a sports field. Ensuring Airway Maintenance When dealing with a suspected spinal injury, it's imperative to act promptly while ensuring proper airway maintenance: Step 1: Assess the head's position and gently and gradually move it into a neutral alignment to secure the airway. Methods of Head Support There are three effective approaches to support the head without risking further injury: Method 1: Use your hands on either side of the head to hold it securely. Be mindful not to obstruct their ears, maintaining communication with clear direct speech to prevent unnecessary head movements. Method 2: Alternatively, you can support the head by positioning it between your knees on either side. This method reduces physical strain and allows for extended head support. Method 3: For prolonged head support, consider laying down on the floor while using your hands to cradle the head. This approach minimizes fatigue and ensures stable immobilization. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/9653/Stabilising_the_spine_in_a_first_aid_emergency.jpg Yes 71 https://www.promartialartsfirstaid.co.uk/training/video/calling-the-ems https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/868.mp4 Calling the Emergency Services Activating Emergency Medical Services: A Vital Process Immediate First Aid Providing initial first aid is essential, but remember to promptly involve the Emergency Medical Services (EMS) for professional assistance. Unified Emergency Number Regardless of the specific emergency service required, the contact number remains consistent. A delay in activating the EMS can have severe consequences: Call 999 or 112: These numbers are universally effective; choose either when in need. Both can be dialled from mobiles and landline phones. Effective Communication When making the call, consider using a hands-free or speakerphone mode to allow multitasking while communicating with the emergency services. They will guide you accordingly: Priority Categorization: The EMS will assess the situation and classify the call by priority. Examples include Category A for life-threatening scenarios and Category B for less critical cases. Service Selection: Specify the required service, which could be an ambulance, fire, police, Coast Guard, or other relevant services. The EMS may dispatch additional units as necessary. Clear Information: Provide a concise description of the situation initially. Answer any further questions as needed. Detailed location information is vital. Location Precision Ensuring accurate location details is critical. Use technology like 'what3words' or location apps for precise coordinates. The EMS can sometimes track your location via phone signals: Scene Safety: Make the environment safe and accessible for the emergency services. Unlock doors, illuminate the area, and secure pets if applicable. Workplace Awareness: Inform colleagues and reception about the EMS's impending arrival to prevent confusion. Assistance Guide: If others are present, delegate someone to meet and guide the EMS to your location, enhancing efficiency. Alternative Contact Methods Consider scenarios where traditional phone calls may not be possible, such as remote locations: Use of Radios: Learn how to operate two-way radios or satellite phones when needed for emergencies. Text Communication: If hearing-impaired, set up emergency service notification via text messages (details available in the download area). Keeping the Line Open If circumstances change or you require updates, don't hesitate to call EMS again. They can stay on the line to assist until their arrival. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/1509/Calling_the_Emergency_Services-01.jpg Yes 265 https://www.promartialartsfirstaid.co.uk/training/video/when-to-call-for-assistance https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/1946.mp4 When to call for assistance Calling for Help and Starting CPR: What to Do First As soon as you realise a casualty is unresponsive, call the emergency services immediately and ask for an ambulance. Use your mobile phone on speakerphone so you can begin CPR while speaking to the call handler. If someone is with you, ask them to make the call while you start CPR straight away. Why Calling Emergency Services Early Matters When someone collapses or appears unconscious, help must be requested as quickly as possible. The emergency medical services (EMS) dispatcher can rapidly assess the situation and determine the most appropriate response. Waiting to decide what to do wastes valuable time. The sooner EMS are activated, the greater the chance of survival. CPR alone is not enough if professional help is not on the way. An AED and advanced care are essential. For every minute an AED is delayed, the chance of survival falls by around 10%. Early CPR combined with rapid EMS activation significantly improves outcomes. What to Do If More Than One Rescuer Is Present If there is more than one rescuer available: One rescuer should start CPR immediately The other should call emergency services and look for an AED This teamwork minimises delays and maximises the chance of successful resuscitation. What to Do If You Are Alone If you are alone with the casualty: Call emergency services on speakerphone Do not leave the casualty to look for an AED Start CPR immediately The EMS will bring an AED. By starting CPR early, you increase the likelihood that defibrillation will be successful when it arrives. Leaving the casualty to search for an AED reduces blood flow to the brain and lowers their chance of survival. Minimising Interruptions to CPR Keeping chest compressions going is critical. If the casualty is an infant or small child, it may be possible to carry them with you while summoning help, reducing interruptions to CPR. Once you have called EMS, the dispatcher can: Guide you through full CPR, or Support you with chest-compression-only CPR Using speakerphone allows you to receive clear, step-by-step instructions while continuing life-saving care. Key Points to Remember Call emergency services as soon as the casualty is unresponsive Use speakerphone so you can start CPR immediately Do not delay CPR to look for an AED if you are alone Early CPR and early EMS activation save lives Act fast, keep compressions going, and get help on the way. These actions give the casualty the best possible chance of survival. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/3505/When_to_call_for_Assistance.jpg Yes 112 https://www.promartialartsfirstaid.co.uk/training/video/nose-bleeds https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/832.mp4 Nose bleeds Dealing with Nosebleeds: Causes and Treatment 1. Common Occurrence Nosebleeds are a frequent occurrence in both children and adults. While they are typically easy to treat and often do not recur, they can be distressing for children and embarrassing for adults. Nosebleeds are usually caused by the close proximity of blood vessels to the skin in the nasal area, making them susceptible to damage from various factors. Possible Causes: Nosebleeds can result from factors such as inserting objects into the nose, stress, illness, physical impacts to the nose, or facial injuries. Caution: When addressing a nosebleed, exercise extreme care if you suspect a possible nasal fracture or external injuries. 2. First Aid for Nosebleeds Providing immediate care for someone experiencing a nosebleed is essential. Follow these steps: Sit Them Down: Have the individual sit down to avoid any accidents. Offer Comfort: If necessary, provide reassurance and help them stay calm. Forward Leaning Position: Instruct them to lean forward to prevent blood from flowing down the throat, which can lead to vomiting or nausea. Pinch the Nose: Ask them to pinch the soft part of their nose. This action applies pressure and aids in stopping the bleeding. Provide a Bowl: Offer a bowl to allow them to spit out the blood rather than swallowing it. Offer Tissues: If needed, provide tissues for use during the treatment. Apply Pressure: Advise them to maintain pressure on the nose for at least 10 minutes. Check for Bleeding: After 10 minutes, gently remove their fingers to check if the bleeding has ceased. Repeat if Necessary: If bleeding persists, repeat the pressure application for another 10 minutes. Seek Medical Assistance: If the bleeding persists beyond 30 minutes, it is advisable to seek medical attention. 3. Preventive Measures Ensure the person understands the following preventive measures: Refrain from: Advising them to avoid actions like sniffing, coughing, blowing their nose, or talking, as these activities can trigger bleeding and hinder the healing process. Regular Nosebleeds: If nosebleeds occur frequently, they may indicate an underlying issue. In such cases, consulting a doctor is recommended. It's worth noting that children who experience regular nosebleeds often outgrow them without requiring medical treatment. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/1449/Nose_bleeds-01.jpg Yes 107 https://www.promartialartsfirstaid.co.uk/training/video/excessive-blood-loss https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/1956.mp4 Excessive Blood Loss Recognizing and Treating Blood Loss: First Aid Guide Understanding Blood Loss Hidden Threat: Excessive blood loss doesn't always involve visible skin injuries; it can occur internally with fractures or organ damage. Impact of Fractures: Even when the skin remains intact, a broken thigh bone can lead to blood loss of up to one litre; if there's an external bleed, this can escalate to one to two litres. Pelvic Fractures: Pelvic fractures can range from minor blood loss to severe cases where a person can lose all their blood, as the main femoral artery passes over the pelvis. Organ Injuries: Injuries to organs such as the spleen, liver, or chest can result in varying levels of blood loss, from minimal to total. Recognizing Blood Loss Challenging Recognition: Identifying severe blood loss can be difficult. It's wise to assume the worst and treat accordingly due to the challenges of assessing both external and internal bleeding. Factors Affecting Recognition: Various factors like age, size, weight, medical conditions, fitness, and medications can influence how signs and symptoms manifest, potentially masking them until the situation becomes critical. Assessment and Response Collect Information: Gather details about the incident history and assess the injury mechanism. Watch for Signs: Keep an eye out for these signs: Pale, Cold, Sweaty Skin Rapid Breathing (Over 20 breaths per minute) Thirst Rapid Pulse (Over 100 beats per minute) Altered Mental State Anxiety, Confusion, Drowsiness, Restlessness Unconsciousness Emergency Treatment Immediate Actions: Activate Emergency Services: Call for professional help. Treat External Bleeding: Address any visible external bleeding. Identify Internal Bleeding: Attempt to determine if there is internal bleeding. Position and Monitor: Lay Down: Place the individual on their back. Raise Legs (If Possible): Elevate their legs if feasible. Keep Warm: Ensure they stay warm. Monitor Consciousness and Vital Signs: Continuously assess their consciousness and vital signs. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/3535/Excessive_Blood_Loss-01.jpg Yes 129 https://www.promartialartsfirstaid.co.uk/training/video/dental-injuries https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/909.mp4 Dental Injuries Dental Injury First Aid: Protecting and Treating Tooth Damage Seeing a Dentist for Dental Injuries Understanding when to seek dental care and how to provide initial aid for common dental injuries. Chipped or Broken Tooth Addressing a chipped or broken tooth before reaching the dentist: Protect the Mouth: Shield the injured area to prevent exposure to cold, especially when the injury has exposed a nerve. Consulting a Dentist: Schedule an appointment with a dentist for assessment and treatment. Knocked-Out Tooth Immediate steps to take when a tooth is knocked out: Locate the Tooth: If possible, find the dislodged tooth. Clean the Tooth: Rinse it with saline solution or milk to remove contaminants. Proper Reinsertion: Ensure the tooth is correctly oriented and firmly push it back into place. Stabilize with a Gum Shield: If available, use a gum shield to hold the tooth in position. Seek Dental or A & E Care: Visit a dentist for treatment, or if one isn't accessible, consider the Accident & Emergency department with oral surgery staff. Pain Management How to alleviate pain associated with dental injuries: Over-the-Counter Painkillers: Use pain relievers typically taken for headaches. Post-Injury Care Ensuring the patient is comfortable and prepared for dental treatment: Clean-Up: Address any bleeding, and be aware of potential lip injuries. Comforting Children: Keep young patients calm, as blood may be distressing to them. Remember Timely dental care is crucial for managing dental injuries effectively. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/1583/Dental_Injuries-01.jpg Yes 337 https://www.promartialartsfirstaid.co.uk/training/video/opening-the-airway-jaw-thrust https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/7079.mp4 Opening the airway Jaw Thrust How to Open the Airway Using the Jaw Thrust Technique In this film, we will explore how to safely open an airway using the Jaw Thrust technique. This method is particularly valuable when you suspect a neck or spinal injury, or when a head-tilt, chin-lift is not appropriate. Why the Jaw Thrust Is Needed When a person becomes unresponsive, the muscles that keep the airway open relax. As a result, the tongue can fall back and block the airway, preventing air from moving in and out of the lungs. Maintaining an open airway is therefore essential for survival. The Jaw Thrust is ideal when you must avoid moving the neck, such as: Falls Road traffic collisions Sporting injuries Any situation where spinal injury is suspected It is also useful during CPR when maintaining a neutral head position is important. If spinal injury is not a concern, the head-tilt, chin-lift remains the simpler and preferred method. Step-by-Step: Performing the Jaw Thrust Technique Position yourself correctly.Kneel at the top of the casualty’s head in the “over-the-head position”. Ensure the casualty is lying on their back on a firm surface. Stabilise your arms.Rest your elbows on the surface beside the casualty’s head for stability. Place your index and middle fingers behind the angle of the lower jaw, just below the ears. Lift the jaw.Using a firm but gentle motion, lift the lower jaw upwards and forwards—towards the ceiling. Ideally, the lower teeth should move in front of the upper teeth. This action pulls the tongue away from the airway. Avoid moving the neck.Do not tilt or extend the head. The goal is to open the airway while keeping the neck in a neutral position. Check for breathing.Look for chest movement, listen for breathing, and feel for air movement on your cheek for no more than 10 seconds. Swap if needed.The Jaw Thrust can be tiring to hold. If possible, swap with another trained rescuer to maintain an effective airway. What to Do Next If the person is breathing normally: Maintain the airway using the Jaw Thrust until help arrives, or Place the person in the recovery position if spinal injury has been ruled out If the person is NOT breathing normally: Keep the airway open Start CPR immediately Why the Jaw Thrust Matters The Jaw Thrust is a vital lifesaving skill that helps maintain oxygen flow to the brain and heart in a suspected spinal emergency. When every second counts, knowing how to open an airway safely can make a crucial difference. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/12824/Opening_the_airway_Jaw_Thrust.jpg Yes 153 https://www.promartialartsfirstaid.co.uk/training/video/improving-compressions https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/1950.mp4 Improving compressions Delivering High-Quality CPR: Position, Depth, Rate, and Technique Providing high-quality CPR is one of the most important actions you can take during cardiac arrest. Small improvements in technique can significantly increase the amount of blood delivered to the brain and heart, improving survival. Correct Position for CPR The optimal position for delivering CPR is by the side of the casualty. This allows easier movement between chest compressions and rescue breaths and helps maintain good technique. However, compressions can also be delivered from over the head if space is limited. This may be necessary in confined environments such as: Aircraft aisles Buses or coaches Trains or other restricted spaces Compression Depth: Why It Matters Fear of causing harm, fatigue, or limited upper-body strength often leads rescuers to compress too shallowly. This is one of the most common CPR errors. Current guidance recommends that adult chest compressions should be 5–6 centimetres deep. Estimating compression depth is difficult, and evidence shows that compressions are often too shallow. Importantly, compressions that are slightly too deep are far less harmful than compressions that are too shallow. Priority: Ensure adequate compression depth every time. Compression Rate: Finding the Right Speed Large studies involving more than 13,000 patients have shown that the highest survival rates occur when chest compressions are delivered at a rate of: 100–120 compressions per minute When compression rates exceed 120 per minute, compression depth often decreases. For this reason, it is important not to exceed two compressions per second. Minimising Pauses in Chest Compressions Every pause in chest compressions reduces blood flow to vital organs. Pauses commonly occur during: Defibrillation Rescue breaths AED rhythm analysis All interruptions should be kept under 10 seconds wherever possible. Clear communication between rescuers is essential to minimise these gaps and maintain effective CPR. Chest Recoil: Just as Important as Compression Allowing the chest to fully recoil after each compression is just as important as pushing down. A common mistake is leaning on the chest, which prevents full recoil. Full recoil allows better venous return to the heart, improving circulation and overall CPR effectiveness. Think of compression and recoil as equal: Compression time = recoil time Managing Fatigue During CPR Compression quality can begin to fall after as little as two minutes. If there are enough rescuers available: Swap the person delivering compressions every two minutes Ensure there is no pause while changing rescuers This helps maintain correct depth, rate, and recoil. Practice Improves Performance Regular practice is one of the best ways to improve CPR quality. Use a CPR manikin whenever possible If practising at home, use a toy or stuffed animal to rehearse hand position and technique Confidence comes from practice, and confident CPR saves lives. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/3513/Improving_compressions-01.jpg Yes 181 https://www.promartialartsfirstaid.co.uk/training/video/adult-cpr-hand-over-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/105.mp4 CPR Hand Over Optimizing CPR Efforts: Sharing the Work and Guidelines 1. The Importance of Sharing CPR Efforts Providing CPR can be physically demanding and exhausting. To maintain effectiveness, consider sharing the work with another rescuer. Collaboration with another rescuer helps alleviate fatigue. CPR training is not essential for the second rescuer; instructions can be provided. 2. Coordinated CPR Assistance Efficiently coordinate CPR efforts with a second rescuer: The primary rescuer guides and demonstrates the required actions while performing chest compressions. During the breaths phase, the second rescuer prepares to immediately resume compressions once the breaths are completed. 3. Rotation Every Two Minutes Maintain CPR effectiveness through regular rotation: Consider swapping roles every two minutes to combat rescuer fatigue. If you have no additional assistance and become tired, focus on chest compressions, taking a break from breaths. 4. Staying Updated with CPR Guidelines Stay informed with the latest CPR guidelines: Adhere to the 2021 UK and European Resuscitation Council guidelines. Stay prepared for future updates and revisions. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/163/CPR_Hand_Over-01.jpg Yes 134 https://www.promartialartsfirstaid.co.uk/training/video/waiting-for-the-ems-to-arrive https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/1556.mp4 Waiting for the E.M.S to arrive What to Do While Waiting for EMS Emergency Preparedness Primary Concern: Patient's well-being should be your top priority while waiting for EMS. Bystander Assistance: Consider involving nearby bystanders who may be able to provide help. Effective Communication Phone Information: Provide detailed information over the phone to EMS, helping them anticipate the situation. Accessibility: Identify any obstacles like obstructive cars or movable items and address them safely. Bystander Support Assistance Seekers: Ask bystanders to assist by locating and guiding the ambulance to your location. Home Safety: Ensure pets are secured and illuminate your home during nighttime emergencies for better visibility. Patient's Medical Details Medications and Conditions: Inquire about the patient's medications and medical conditions to relay to EMS. Doctor's Information: Collect the patient's doctor's details and check if they are currently under hospital care. Workplace Awareness Alert Reception: Inform reception and relevant personnel at the workplace about the accident and EMS arrival. Preventing Delays: Avoid delays in EMS arrival by ensuring everyone is aware of the situation. Stay Connected Mobile Availability: Keep your mobile phone with you to ensure EMS can reach you at any time. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/2731/Waiting_for_the_E.M.S_to_arrive-01.jpg Yes 231 https://www.promartialartsfirstaid.co.uk/training/video/choking-treatment https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/666.mp4 Choking Treatment Responding to Choking Incidents: Step-by-Step Guide Identifying Choking Incidents Choking can occur anywhere, including martial arts settings or at home. Here’s how to identify and respond: Partial Obstruction: Person can cough, speak, or wheeze despite discomfort. Complete Obstruction: Person cannot breathe, may be unable to speak or cough, and is in danger of losing consciousness. Responding to Partial Obstructions If the person is coughing and able to breathe: Reassure them and encourage coughing to dislodge the object. Monitor closely; seek medical help if necessary. Dealing with Complete Obstructions If the person cannot breathe and is choking: Perform Back Blows: Lean them forward and deliver five sharp blows between the shoulder blades. Perform Abdominal Thrusts (Heimlich Manoeuvre): Place a fist above their belly button and thrust inwards and upwards up to five times. Repeat Sequence: Alternate between back blows and abdominal thrusts until the obstruction is cleared. Call Emergency Services: Call 999 immediately if the obstruction persists or if the person becomes unconscious. Always monitor the person closely and be prepared to perform CPR if they become unconscious. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/1307/Choking_Treatment-01.jpg Yes 290 https://www.promartialartsfirstaid.co.uk/training/video/three-steps-to-save-a-life https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/7078.mp4 Three Steps to Save a Life (2025) The Three Steps to Save a Life: A Simple Emergency Guide The Three Steps to Save a Life approach is an easy, effective method that anyone can use during an emergency. At the heart of the Resuscitation Council UK guidelines, this process shows that you do not need medical training to make a lifesaving difference. Step 1 – Check Check for Safety Before you approach the casualty, ensure the area is safe. Look for hazards such as: Traffic Electricity Fire or smoke Other environmental dangers Check Responsiveness Once it’s safe, assess whether the person can respond: Gently tap their shoulders Ask loudly, “Are you alright?” If they do not respond and appear unresponsive, move immediately to Step 2. Step 2 – Call Call 999 (or 112 in Europe) without delay. Put your phone on speaker to keep your hands free. The emergency operator will guide you step-by-step. Check Breathing With Guidance The dispatcher will help you assess for normal breathing. Look, listen, and feel for no more than 10 seconds. If the person is not breathing normally or is only gasping, tell the operator immediately. They will talk you through starting CPR. Step 3 – CPR and AED Start CPR Immediately If breathing is absent or abnormal: Place the heel of your hand in the centre of the chest Put your other hand on top Begin compressions at 100–120 per minute Press down about 5 cm each time Allow the chest to fully rise between compressions Use an AED if Available If an AED is nearby: Turn it on immediately Follow the voice prompts The device will tell you when to pause, stand clear, or resume compressions The emergency dispatcher will stay on the line and support you until professional help arrives. Why These Three Steps Matter Remember: Check • Call • Start CPR with an AED. These quick, simple actions can double or even triple a person’s chance of survival. You don’t need to be a doctor — just willing to act. Your hands, your phone, and your courage truly can save a life. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/12822/Three_Steps_to_Save_a_Life_2.jpg Yes 149 https://www.promartialartsfirstaid.co.uk/training/video/adult-cpr-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/104.mp4 Adult CPR Adult Cardiac Arrest: Step-by-Step CPR and AED Guidance Adult cardiac arrest is a time-critical emergency, often caused by sudden cardiac arrhythmia, usually linked to underlying heart disease. Immediate action — calling for help, starting CPR, and using an AED — gives the best chance of survival. Step 1: Ensure the Scene Is Safe Before approaching the casualty, always ensure the area is safe for you and others. Look for hazards such as: Traffic Fire Electricity Broken glass or sharp objects If it's safe, approach the casualty. Step 2: Check for Response Gently shake their shoulders and ask: “Are you alright?” If there is no response, shout for help. If someone is nearby, ask them to: Call 999 immediately and put the phone on speaker Bring an AED if available If you are alone, call 999 on speakerphone so the emergency operator can guide you through CPR. Step 3: Check for Normal Breathing Next, you need to check for normal breathing: Open the airway with a head-tilt, chin-lift (place one hand on the forehead and two fingers under the chin, gently tilting the head back) Look into the mouth and remove any visible obstruction, but only if it can be easily seen and removed Look, listen, and feel for normal breathing for up to 10 seconds If the casualty is not breathing normally or only gasping, assume cardiac arrest and start CPR immediately. Step 4: Start CPR Without Delay Tell the 999 operator that the casualty is not breathing normally. The operator will dispatch an ambulance and guide you through CPR step-by-step. How to Perform Chest Compressions Kneel beside the casualty Place the heel of one hand on the centre of the chest, between the nipples Place your other hand on top, interlock your fingers, and keep your arms straight Press down firmly to a depth of 5–6 cm Release fully after each compression, allowing the chest to rise Continue compressions at a rate of 100–120 per minute (about two compressions per second) Tip: You can time compressions to the beat of a familiar song like “Stayin' Alive” or “Baby Shark”, both of which match the right rhythm. Step 5: Give Rescue Breaths After 30 compressions, give 2 rescue breaths: Re-open the airway with a head-tilt, chin-lift Pinch the nose closed and seal your mouth over theirs Blow steadily for about one second, watching for the chest to rise Allow the chest to fall before giving the second breath Return immediately to chest compressions. If you are unable or unwilling to give breaths, continue with chest compressions only — these are still highly effective and strongly recommended. Step 6: Use an AED as Soon as It Arrives When an AED arrives: Switch it on immediately and follow the spoken instructions Expose the chest and attach the pads as shown on the diagram: One pad just below the right collarbone One pad on the left side of the chest, below the armpit The AED will analyse the heart rhythm. Ensure no one is touching the casualty during this step. If a shock is advised, ensure everyone is clear, say “Stand clear,” and press the shock button. Immediately resume CPR after the shock, starting with chest compressions. If no shock is advised, continue CPR as before. Step 7: Continue Until Help Arrives Continue CPR until: The person starts breathing normally or shows signs of life, such as movement, eye opening, or coughing Emergency services arrive and take over You become physically exhausted If the Person Starts Breathing Normally If the person starts breathing normally: Stop compressions and place them in the recovery position Keep the airway open and the head slightly tilted back Monitor their breathing continuously until help arrives Key Points to Remember Call 999 immediately and use speakerphone Start CPR if the person is not breathing normally Perform 30 compressions to 2 breaths, compressing 5–6 cm at a rate of 100–120 per minute Use an AED as soon as possible and follow its voice instructions If you cannot give breaths, perform continuous chest compressions until help arrives Every second counts. Your quick actions can save a life. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/161/ADULT_CPR_2025.jpg Yes 273 https://www.promartialartsfirstaid.co.uk/training/video/compressions-only-cpr-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/106.mp4 Compressions Only CPR Adult Cardiac Arrest: Compression-Only CPR In this film, we will show you what to do if an adult suddenly collapses and is not breathing normally, following the latest Resuscitation Council UK guidelines using compression-only CPR. Even if you have never received CPR training, your actions can still save a life. The most important things are to act quickly, call 999, start chest compressions, and keep going until help arrives. Step 1: Check for Danger Before helping, make sure the area is safe for you and others. Look for hazards such as: Traffic Electricity Fire or smoke Broken glass or sharp objects If it is safe, approach the casualty. Step 2: Check for Response Gently shake the casualty’s shoulders and shout: “Are you OK?” If there is no response: Shout for help If someone is nearby, ask them to call 999, put the phone on speaker, and fetch an AED if one is available If you are on your own, call 999 on your mobile and put it on speakerphone so the call handler can guide you. Step 3: Check for Normal Breathing Gently tilt the head back and lift the chin to open the airway Look for normal breathing for up to 10 seconds Check whether the chest rises and falls normally If the person is not breathing normally, or is only gasping, treat this as cardiac arrest. Tell the 999 operator that the person is not breathing normally. An ambulance will be dispatched immediately. Step 4: Start Chest Compressions Begin chest compressions straight away. The call handler may say: “Place the heel of your hand in the centre of the chest, put your other hand on top, and push hard and fast.” How to Perform Chest Compressions Kneel beside the casualty Place the heel of one hand in the centre of the chest, between the nipples Place your other hand on top and keep your arms straight Push down hard and fast, to a depth of 5–6 cm Allow the chest to fully rise after each compression Continue at a rate of 100–120 compressions per minute (about two per second) You can keep time to the beat of a familiar song such as “Stayin’ Alive” or “Baby Shark”, which both match the correct rhythm. Keep Going Until Help Arrives Do not stop CPR unless: The person starts breathing normally or begins to move Emergency services arrive and take over You become physically exhausted Using an AED If an AED arrives: Switch it on immediately Follow the spoken instructions The AED will tell you when to stop compressions and when to restart If the Person Starts Breathing Normally If normal breathing returns: Stop chest compressions Carefully roll the person onto their side into the recovery position Keep the airway open with the head slightly tilted back Stay with them and monitor their breathing until help arrives Key Points to Remember Call 999 immediately and use speakerphone If the person is not breathing normally, start chest compressions straight away Compress the centre of the chest 5–6 cm deep Maintain a rate of 100–120 compressions per minute Use an AED as soon as possible and follow its instructions Even if you are untrained, doing something is always better than doing nothing Act fast, keep pushing, and do not stop. Your actions could save a life. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/165/ADULT_Compression_Only_CPR.jpg Yes 201 https://www.promartialartsfirstaid.co.uk/training/video/improving-breaths-2015-guidelines https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/1951.mp4 Improving breaths Rescue Breaths and CPR: Guidelines and Alternatives Rescue breaths play a crucial role in CPR. They should be performed correctly and with proper techniques to maximise their effectiveness in saving lives. Proper Rescue Breath Technique CPR providers should: Give rescue breaths with an inflation duration of about 1 second. Provide sufficient volume to make the victim's chest rise. Avoid rapid or forceful breaths. Limit the time between compressions and breaths to no more than 10 seconds. Dealing with Obstructions If a breath doesn't go in: Check for obstructions in the mouth, but avoid blind finger sweeps. Re-open the airway and try again, but only attempt the recommended number of times. Alternative Breathing Methods Rescue breaths can also be delivered through: Mouth-to-nose ventilation: An acceptable alternative if the victim's mouth is injured, cannot be opened, or a seal is difficult to achieve, or if the victim is in water. Mouth-to-tracheostomy ventilation: Applicable for victims with a tracheostomy tube or tracheal stoma who require rescue breathing. Barrier Devices Barrier devices can help reduce bacteria transmission during rescue breathing. However, their effectiveness in clinical practice remains unknown. Resuscitation Council Recommendations The Resuscitation Council recommends that individuals trained in CPR should perform both rescue breaths and compressions whenever possible. This is particularly important for children, asphyxial cardiac arrest victims (e.g., drowning), and cases with delayed EMS response. Compression-only CPR should only be performed if rescuers are unable to give rescue breaths. The latest CPR guidelines are the 2021 UK and European Resuscitation Council guidelines. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/3515/Improving_breaths-01.jpg Yes 141 https://www.promartialartsfirstaid.co.uk/training/video/barriers-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/96.mp4 Using gloves Importance of Gloves in Emergency First Aid Fear of Infection in First Aid For some individuals, the fear of infection can discourage them from providing emergency first aid. However, safeguarding yourself from potential infection is crucial when assisting a patient. Gloves play a pivotal role in facilitating your response and ensuring protection. Types of Gloves Various glove options are available for first aid, with nitrile and vinyl being commonly used: Nitrile Gloves: Widely used in first aid, available in different colours, and suitable for various purposes. Vinyl Gloves: Commonly used in food preparation but less durable; handle with care to prevent tearing. Latex Gloves: Now less common due to allergy risks, particularly latex allergies. Gloves can be powdered or powder-free, with powder facilitating easier wear but posing potential allergy issues. Putting On and Changing Gloves Proper glove usage is essential: Ensure there are no rings that could damage the gloves. Inspect gloves for any holes or tears before wearing them. Follow the correct method for putting on gloves, as demonstrated in the video. If dealing with multiple patients, change gloves to prevent cross-contamination. Safe Glove Removal Removing gloves correctly is vital to prevent contact with blood or bodily fluids: Dispose of used gloves, along with other soiled items, in a biohazard bag or bin. Never dispose of gloves in general waste, as they may pose a risk to others. Workplaces may have specific rules for glove and infected material disposal; always adhere to local guidelines. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/145/Using_Gloves-01.jpg Yes 153 https://www.promartialartsfirstaid.co.uk/training/video/adrenaline-nasal-spray-for-anaphylaxis https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/7083.mp4 Adrenaline nasal spray for anaphylaxis MHRA Approves the First Needle-Free Adrenaline Nasal Spray for Anaphylaxis The Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) has approved a major new development in the treatment of severe allergic reactions. For the first time in the UK, a needle-free adrenaline nasal spray has been authorised for emergency use in cases of anaphylaxis — a sudden, severe, and potentially life-threatening allergic reaction. A New Alternative to Traditional Adrenaline Auto-Injectors Until now, adrenaline for anaphylaxis has always been delivered by injection, typically using auto-injectors such as the EpiPen. These devices are highly effective, but for some people — particularly those with a strong fear of needles or who struggle to administer an injection during a crisis — they can present challenges. The newly approved nasal spray provides a needle-free, single-dose, ready-to-use alternative. Administered through the nostril, the spray delivers adrenaline rapidly into the bloodstream via the nasal mucosa. Who Can Use It? The spray is approved for: Adults Children weighing 30 kg or more (typically around 10 years old and above) Nasal Spray vs Adrenaline Auto-Injectors The MHRA has emphasised that this new nasal spray does not replace traditional adrenaline auto-injectors. Adrenaline pens remain vital, effective, and life-saving tools. Anyone who currently carries an auto-injector must continue to do so. Instead, the nasal spray adds an additional safe and effective option — particularly helpful for situations where injections are difficult, delayed, or distressing. Key Points to Know The spray can be used even if the casualty has a blocked or congested nose. People at risk of anaphylaxis should always carry two doses, regardless of whether they use a spray or an auto-injector. Family members, friends, colleagues, and teachers should know how to recognise anaphylaxis and administer treatment. MHRA Approval and Safety The decision follows a detailed review of clinical evidence showing that the nasal spray delivers adrenaline safely and effectively. This innovation marks an important advancement, making emergency treatment more accessible and user-friendly for people living with severe allergies. What to Do in Suspected Anaphylaxis Regardless of the type of adrenaline used, the priorities remain unchanged: Recognise the symptoms quickly Administer adrenaline without delay Call 999 immediately Continue to monitor and support the casualty until emergency help arrives This new needle-free adrenaline spray represents a significant step forward in emergency allergy treatment — offering greater choice, improved accessibility, and a potentially easier way to deliver life-saving care when every second counts. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/12832/Adrenaline_nasal_spray_for_anaphylaxis.jpg Yes 152 https://www.promartialartsfirstaid.co.uk/training/video/cpr-and-the-female-casualty https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/7122.mp4 CPR and the female casualty CPR and the Female Casualty: What Every First Aider Needs to Know In this film, we are going to look at CPR and defibrillation for a female casualty. This is an extremely important topic, as women are statistically less likely to receive life-saving CPR or early defibrillation. Understanding why this happens helps us improve care and save more lives. Why Female Casualties Receive Less CPR Research shows that a female casualty is around 25% less likely to have an AED used compared with a male casualty. The most common reason is hesitation. People often feel uncomfortable about: Exposing the chest Touching the chest area Placing AED pads around breast tissue However, the guidelines are very clear: saving a life always comes first. CPR and defibrillation must never be delayed because of modesty, embarrassment, or fear of doing something wrong. Exposing the Chest Is Essential To perform effective CPR and use an AED correctly, the chest must be exposed. This may involve: Moving clothing out of the way Adjusting or lifting a bra Removing a bra entirely if necessary The latest guidance confirms that this is appropriate, lawful, and essential during resuscitation. Never allow clothing or underwear to interfere with AED pad placement. Your priority is restoring a normal heart rhythm, not preserving modesty. Updated AED Pad Placement for Female Casualties AED pad placement has been refined in the latest guidelines to improve the electrical pathway through the ventricles of the heart. Correct positioning is especially important when working around breast tissue. Key Principles for Pad Placement Avoid placing pads directly over breast tissue Ensure full contact between the pad and the skin Follow the latest recommended positions, even if the diagrams on the AED pads show older placements Correct Pad Positions Right-side pad: Place on the upper right chest as usual, adjusting slightly if needed to avoid breast tissue Left-side pad: Place higher and further to the side, under the left armpit along the mid-axillary line This positioning improves shock effectiveness and helps avoid breast tissue completely. Chest Compressions Are the Same for Everyone Chest compressions for a female casualty are performed exactly the same as for any adult. Place your hands in the centre of the chest Compress to a depth of 5–6 cm Maintain a rate of 100–120 compressions per minute Do not alter your technique because the casualty is female. Effective compressions are critical and must always take priority. Recognising Heart Problems in Women It is also important to understand that women may present differently when experiencing heart problems. Many women do not have the classic crushing chest pain associated with heart attacks. In fact, around 25% experience more subtle symptoms, such as: Jaw pain Nausea or vomiting Shortness of breath Unusual fatigue or discomfort These symptoms can lead to delays in calling for help, increasing the risk of cardiac arrest. The Key Message When a woman suffers a cardiac arrest, immediate CPR and early defibrillation are critical. Do not delay because of: Concerns about exposing the chest Uncertainty about AED pad placement Fear of embarrassment or doing something wrong Act quickly. Act confidently. Your decisive action could save a life and significantly improve the chance of recovery. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/12900/CPR_and_the_female_casualty.jpg Yes 210